Talmud of Jerusalem

The Talmud of Jerusalem (in Hebrew Talmoud Yeroushalmi , or simply Yeroushalmi ), known in the past like the Palestinian Talmud or galiléen , is a compilation of discussions Rabbin ic discussions working out on the Mishna in Western Araméen, being held in Ground of Israel at the same period as the Talmud of Babylon. Nevertheless, written with haste two centuries more early than this one, under pressure of circumstances historical, if it covers more subjects (in particular the subjects relating to the agricultural laws and to said, whose validity is limited in theory to the ground of Israel), it deepens less and is ultimately less complete and important in volume. The treaties of the Neziqin order present important differences of form and style compared to the other treaties, which lets think that they are the fruit of an older composition (50 years before the remainder of Talmud).

On the plan halakhic, the Talmud of Babylon has precedence of him, and is also more studied. For this reason, many fragments of Yeroushalmi are lost and could not be found.

Historical context

Just as the Talmud of Babylon, the goal of Talmud of Jerusalem was to work out on the Jewish Oral tradition which had been crystallized in the Mishna at the second century of the common era. Following the drafting of this one, much of Juifs scientists who lived in the province of Syria Palestine, under Roman control, were constrained with the exile in Perse following the severe decrees of the emperor Hadrian after the Révolte of Bar Kokhba. The scholars who remained, mainly as a Galileo, decided to continue to teach, in spite of the interdict which struck any study and any teaching of the Jewish texts, in the academies which existed since the mishnaïque era. The initiators of what would be codified like Talmud of Jerusalem, were Rabbi Hanina and Rabbi Oshaya.

Although Talmud of Jerusalem progressed to the same pace as its Babylonian counterpart while covering more subjects (cf will infra), its study was made definitely more difficult by the Roman authorities. The schools where it was worked out were to be held in the secrecy. The things nothing but did worsen during the conversion of the emperor Constantin Ier with the Christianisme into 313.

Under the reign of the Emperor Théodose II, the Jewish community was strongly persecuted. Under the influence of his/her older sister, Pulchera, the Byzantine Empereur turned to the orthodoxe Christianisme, whose Jewish dimension and anti-semite led to the destruction of Jewish places of worship, Synagog S and academies. Following these pressures, the erudite large last of Syria Palestine, Rav Mana and Rav Yossi wrote Talmud of Jerusalem, about the year 400 of the common era.

The Jerusalem Talmud naturally has off has greater x-ray one the Land Israel and the Torah 'S agricultural laws pertaining to the Land because it was written in the Land off Israel were the laws applied. Nonetheless, it lacks the order off Kodshim, which deals with sacrificial rites and the Temple, laws that were not directly applicable following the 70 THIS destruction off the Second Temple, although the Babylonian Talmud does examines this content. In both talmuds, only one tractate off Tohorot is examined, since it also deals with Temple-related laws off ritual purity.

The Babylonian Talmud has traditionally been studied more widely and has had greater influence one the halakhic tradition than the Jerusalem Talmud. With notable exception is the Romaniotes, who traditionally follow and learn the Jerusalem Talmud.

With the Jewish return to the Land off Israel in modern times, the Jerusalem Talmud has taken one greater relevance and popularity with talmudic and rabbinical scholars. Another catalyst expected to increase study off the Jerusalem Talmud is its pending translation to English, to join the popular translation off the Babylonian Talmud in the Artscroll series, which was recently completed.

Translations into English

Talmud off the Land off Israel: In Preliminary Translation and Explanation Jacob Neusner, Tzvee Zahavy, others. University off Chicago Near. This translation use has form-analytical presentation which makes the logical units off discourse easier to identify and follow.

Schottenstein Edition off the Yerushalmi Talmud Mesorah/Artscroll. This translation is the counterpart to Mesorah/Artscroll' S Schottenstein Edition off the Talmud (i.e. Babylonian Talmud). Mesorah/Artscroll' S website for the Schottenstein Edition off the Yerushalmi Talmud-->

Related articles

References

  • The Yerushalmi--The Talmud off the Land off Israel: Year Introduction , Neusner Jacob, Jason Aronson, 1992. ISBN 0876688121
  • The Palestinian Talmud, Jewish Encyclopedia
  • What is Talmud Yerushalmi? , faqs.org
  • Jewish History: Talmud, Aish.com
  • The Jerusalem Talmud, ORT
  • Talmud/Mishna/Gemara, Jewish Virtual Library
  • Jewish Law Research Guides, University off Miami Law Library
  • has off survey Rabbinic Literature, Ohr Somayach

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