Taanit (treated)

For the Jewish vision of the fast, to see Taanit

Ta' anit is the ninth treaty mishnic and talmudic of the order Moëd .
Treating mainly practices and prayers contiguous to the days of Fast, he is studied as well in the Talmud of Jerusalem as in that of Babylon. He is divided into four chapters containing 32 paragraphs.

Mishna Ta' anit

1st Chapter: Mèeïmataï (מאימתי - from when)

Determination of the moment from which it is necessary to request for fallen from the rain in the second and the eighth blessing of the Amida (§§ 1-3);
period during which one should fast according to the scarcity of precipitations - two 3 days successive periods, then one seven days, as well as the distinction in the intensity of the fasts during these various days (§§ 4-6);
explanation of the nature of the national mourning if no rain would fall in spite of the strict observance of these fasts (§ 7).

2nd Chapter: Seder Ta' aniot Keïtzad (סדרתעניותכיצד - Ordinance of the fasts)

Cérémonials to be observed at the time of the fast (§ 1);
about the prayers and of the Shofar in these circumstances (§§ 2-5);
participation of the priests at the time of the 3 days fasts and those 7 days (§§ 6-7);
days during which the public fasts are prohibited according to the Meguilat Ta' anit (§§ 8-10).

3rd Chapter: Seder Ta' aniot Elou (סדרתעניותאלו - the order of these fasts)

Case in which the order to fast can be changed and one can blow the Shofar with the whole beginning of the fast (§§ 1-3);
Other occasions during which one can blow of the Shofar although a fast is held, for example if a plague is declared in the city or if an army goes against it (§§ 4-7);
History of Honi ha-Me' aguel, which requested so that fall the rain (§ 8);
Cas in which the fast is stopped when the rain starts to fall (§ 9).

4th Chapter: Beshlosha Peraqim (בשלשהפרקים - On three occasions)

Jours to which the priests raise four times their hands to bless crowd (§ 1);
Institution of the assistances (" ma' amadot") for the sacrifice, at which time they were assembled, the days during which they fasted and sections of the Tanakh which they read daily (§§ 2-4);
the day of the month reserved for the contribution of the wood offerings founded by Néhémie (10: 34) at the time of the Temple (§ 5);
the 17 Tammouz and the 9 Av, 5 misfortunes which fell down on the Juif people of each one of these days (§§ 6-7);
the festivities which marked the Day of Atonement and the 15 Av (the most important day for the wood offering) at the olden days of Jerusalem, during which the young girls, vêtues of white, danced in the vines and invited the young men to choose good wives (§ 8).

Tossefta Taanit

The Tossefta of this treaty contains a material rich person which explains and csupplémente Mishna. To note the report of the origins of the sacerdotal classes (i.e. their genealogy and distribution) to the §§ 4:2, change which assigned them to the return of the exile, and how they were again subdivided (§§ 2:1).

Guemara Taanit

Both Talmuds (Babylonian and hyéosolymitain) contain in addition to the explanation of the mishnayot a sum of aggadot.
Quelques quotations which one can find there:

Page 7a

Pourquoi the study is compared with fire? Because, just as of the chips burn better together that isolated, the study is more advantageous when it is continued per many students in group.
Wise which is held distant from other students deteriorates the study; Rabbi Hanina said: I learned much from my Masters, more still of my colleagues, and almost very of my pupils.
the study is like water: just as it cannot be maintained in raised places, in the same way it cannot be the possession of a haughty man.

8a Page: if a student finds the study difficult, it is only fault of having systematized the matter to be studied.
11a Page: If, when Israel is visited by the affliction, a man cuts his brothers, the two angels which accompany it come towards him, impose their hands on his head and say: This man who does not want to suffer with his people, will not be held with them when they know the joy and comfort.

Among the accounts, one will retain the history of Nicodemos Ben Gourion (p 19b-20a) and Honi haMe' aguel captions it, which slept during 70 years (23a).

Talmud of Jerusalem (iv. 68a) also reports that three rollers of the Law being all in the Temple of Jerusalem differed in various passages. When two versions agreed on a point, it was him which was regarded as correct.

One also finds (II there. 65b) a word of Rav Abbahou, directed obviously against Christendom: " if a man known as “I am God”, he lies; and if he says “I am the son of man”, he will owe repentance; and if he says “I will go to the sky”, he will not go there, nor will carry out only he promet" . The same passage tells how Bar Kokhba killed Eléazar de Modi' in, that a Samaritain had wrongfully shown treason.

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