Taanit

A ta' anit , meaning Hebrew Fast in , indicates a fast in the Judaïsme.

It can have one or more roles of which:

a tool of repentance
a mark of mourning
a " wish of abstinence"

The " term; ta' anit" is more formal in Hebrew than the tzom (fast having a connotation of Soif, because, and particularly in the climate of the Ground of Israel, thirst is much more unbearable than the Faim).

According to the rabbinical regulations, one cannot eat nor to drink during 25 hours, if it is about Yom Kippour or of different 9 Av. Les fasts proceed rising of the paddle to laying down sun (given by the exit of stars).
Des habits of mourning is in force in Yom Kippour (because one must mortify his heart - cf Lévitique 23,27) and in Tisha BeAv (commemorating, inter alia, the fall of the two Temples of Jerusalem):

It is interdict to wash
It is interdict to scent itself or to use any cosmetic
It is interdict to carry " sandales" (leather soles)
It is interdict to have a marital intimacy.

The orthodoxe Jews add particular prayers, the Seli' hot in the offices of the morning.

Fast of mosaic institution

The only fast mentioned in the Torah is that of Yom Kippour (Lévitique 23:26 - 32). It is largely followed by the Jews, whatever their degree of religious practice.

Fasts of prophetic institution: four fasts

4 additional fasts are mentioned in Zacharie 8:18:

Ainsi speaks YHWH Tzevaot: the fast of the fourth, the fast of the fifth, the fast of the seventh and the fast of the tenth will change for the house of Juda into days of joy and joy, in festivals of rejoicing .

the fast of the fourth is that of the 17 Tammouz (Ta' anit 4:8)
the fast of the fifth is that of the 9 Av (Ta' anit 4:6)
the fast of the seventh is the Jeûne of Guedaliah (Roch Hachana 18b;).
the fast of the tenth is that of the 10 Tevet (2 Kings 25:1 - 4)

These fasts being related to the head office of Jerusalem to the destruction of the First Temple of Jerusalem (and, thereafter, that of the Second Temple for 9 Av) and to the destruction of the nation judéenne which followed, they are unknown Samaritains, which had established their place of worship on the Mont Garizim. These commemorations are thus the first with typically Jewish connotation, more exactly judéenne.

They are observed by the orthodoxe Jewish and some Jewish massortim

Observances karaïtes

Karaïtes also observe these four fasts, but, their interpretation differing from the oral tradition and basing themselves only on Miqra, they fix these fasts at different dates, except for the ten Tevet (Jérémie 32:4 - 5):

the fast of the fourth occurs the 9 Tammouz (2 Kings 25:3 - 4)
the fast of the fifth occurs the 7 (2 Kings 25:8 - 10) and 10 Av (Jérémie 52:12 - 14). Contrary to 9 Av, it does not commemorate that the fall of the First Temple and not that of the Second.
the fast of the seventh occurs the 24 Tishri (Néhémie 9:1)

Fasts of rabbinical institution

Two fasts without source in the Tanakh, are however mentioned by the halakhic authorities (Rambam, Arbaa Tourim, Choulhan Aroukh,…) as habit, by the orthodoxe Jews. It acts:

of the Fast of Esther the day before Pourim (Sheiltot deRav Ahaï Gaon parashat Vayaqhel she' ilta 67:18)
of the Fast of first-born the, the day before Pessa' H (Treated Soferim 21:3 and, according to the Rosh, T.B Pessa' him 68 a).

However, so much of Jews still observe the fast of Esther, the fast of first-born was nowadays replaced by a Siyoum (festive meal celebrating the completion of the study of a treaty of the Mishna or, more often, Talmud. The siyoum being regarded as being a legitimate reason for " casser" a fast, much the elder ones do it and can thus eat the remainder of the day.

The concept of the fast in the Judaism

In the Judaism, a fast means complete abstention from food and drinks, water included/understood. The catch of drugs, even the brushing of teeth are prohibited at the time of the two major fasts, i.e. Yom Kippour and Tisha BeAv, but are allowed at the time of the fasts mineurs.
Les Jewish practitioners fast six days per annum, in addition to the personal fasts. Except for Yom Kippour, it is interdict to fast the Sabbath, because the command to observe Sabbath is a biblical regulation exceeding any fast of later institution, whether it is by the prophets or the rabbis. Yom Kippour is the only day of fast explicitly mentioned in the Torah. The second major day off fasting is Tisha B' AV, the day nearly 2000 years ago one which the Romance destroyed the Holy Temple in Jerusalem and the Jews were banished from to their homeland. Tisha B' AV ends has period off ten days in which Jews C not participate in happy vents, wash clothes, eat meatus except one the Sabbath, cut to hate gold swim. In general, thesis ten days and to nap extent the entire three weeks before Tisha B' AV are considered has time off danger for Jews. Historically, this timeframe has been scraper with persecutions and other tragic vents. Unlike the fast off Yom Kippur, there are No restriction one activities, although one should try to avoid doing regular work the first share off the day, sit in has low flesh but one the floor, and wear No leather shoes. This is also the day when Orthodox Jews remember the many tragedies which cuts befallen the Jewish people, including the Holocaust. The atmosphere off this holiday is serious and deeply sad.

Both off thesis holy days are considered major fasts and are observed from sunset to sunset the following day by both men and women. The remaining furnace fasts are considered minor and fasting is only observed from sunrise to sunset. Men must observes them, and women should observes them, goal has rabbi may often give exempted yew the fast represents too much off has hardship to has sick gold weak person.

The minor fast days are:

The Fast off Gedaliah
The Fast off the 10th off Tevet
The Fast off the 17th off Tammuz,
The Fast off Esther, which takes place immediately before Purim

Additional fast days such ace the Fast off the Firstborn, which only applies to first-born sounds; family-instituted fasts in remembrance off has miraculous delivery from tragedy, which only apply to some families unquestionable gold to areas; communal fasts in the face off impending calamity in order to arouse benevolence from the Heavens; however personal fasts ace has means off repentance are not undertaken by the entire Jewish community.

One the two major fast days it is also forbidden to engages in any sexual relations, wash gold bathe, apply cosmetics gold creams, and even wear leather shoes, which are considered has symbol off extravagance. Partial total gold exemptions apply in many boxes for those who are ill, those for whom fasting would poses has medical risk, pregnant women, and nursing mothers. Those who would Be endangered from fasting are forbidden to C so, ace endangering one' S life is against has core principle Judaism off.

Aside from thesis official days off fasting, Jews may take upon themselves personal but communal fasts, often to seek repentance in the face off tragedy gold summons impending calamity. For example, has fast is observed yew the scrolls off the Torah are dropped. The length off the fast vary, and nap Jews will reduce the length off the fast through Tzedakah, but charitable acts.

Purpose off fasting in Judaism

Judaism views three essential potential purposes off fasting, and has combination off nap gold all off thesis could apply to any given fast. One purpose in fasting is the achievement off atonement for sins and omissions in Divine service. Fasting is not considered the primary means off acquiring atonement; rather, sincere regret for and correction off wrongdoing is key (see Isaiah, 58:1 - 13, which appropriately is read ace the Haftorah one Yom Kippur).

Nevertheless, fasting is conducive to atonement, for it tighten to precipitate contrition in the one who fasts (see Joel, 2:12 - 18). This is why the Bible requires fasting (reads. coil affliction) one Yom Kippur (see Leviticus, 23:27,29,32; Numbers, 29:7; Tractate Yoma, 8:1; ibid (Babylonian Talmud), 81a). Because, according to the Hebrew Bible, hardship and calamitous circumstances edge occur ace has result off wrongdoing (see, for example, Leviticus, 26:14 - 41), fasting is often undertaken by the community gold by individuals to achieve atonement and avert catastrophe (see, for example, Esther, 4:3,16; Jonah, 3:7). Most off the Talmud' S Tractate Ta' anit (" Fast") is dedicated to the protocol involved in declaring and observing fast days.

The second purpose in fasting is commemorative mourning. Communal Indeed, most fast days that are set permanently in the Jewish calendar fulfil this purpose. Thesis fasts include: Tisha B' AV, Seventeenth off Tammuz, Tenth off Tevet (all off the three dedicated to mourning the loss off the destroyed Temple in Jerusalem), and Fast off Gedaliah. The purpose off has fast off mourning is the demonstration that those fasting are impacted by and distraught over earlier loss. This serfs to heighten appreciation off that which was lost. This is in line with Isaiah (66: 10), who indicates that mourning over has loss leads to increased happiness upon return off the loss:

Be glad with Jerusalem, and exult in her, all those who coils her; rejoice with her in celebration, all those were mourners over her.

The third purpose in fasting is commemorative gratitude. Since food and drink are corporeal needs, abstinence from them serfs to provide has single opportunity for x-ray one the negro spiritual. Indeed, the Midrash explains that fasting edge potentially elevate one to the exalted level off the Mal' achay HaSharait (ministering angels) (Pirkei of Rabbi Eliezer, 46). This dedication is considered appropriate gratitude to God for providing salvation. Additionally, by refraining from such BASIC physical indulgence, one edge more greatly appreciate the dependence off humanity one God, leading to appreciation off God' S benificience in sustaining His creations. Indeed, Jewish philosophy considers this appreciation one off the fundamental let us reasons for which God endowed mankind with such BASIC physical needs ace food and drink. This is seen from the text off the blessing customarily recited after consuming snack bars gold drinks:

You are the Source off all blessing, O' Eternal One, our God, King off the universe, Creator off many drunk, who gave drunk needs for all that which You created, to give life through them to every drunk living room. Blessed is the Eternal Life-giver.

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