Ténès is a coastal town of Algérie pertaining to the Wilaya of Chlef. Its history is lost with the borders of the prehistoric ages. It was occupied as of the atérien (Paleolithic means and superior). Ibéromaurusiens (epipaleolithic) have especially occupy the caves of the course Ténès with of the city. Several civilizations settled in Ténès: Phéniciens, Roman, the Spanish Vandals, , the Arab Turks, and French. This city is known by its port, its nature and its fish of great quality.
The urban history of Ténès started with, with the successive occupations of Phéniciens, the Carthaginians, Berber, the Romans, the Vandals, the Byzantine , the Arabs, the Turks and the French. The history and the culture of this city are has to rehabilitate to allow have all and have each one to find an answer has its interrogations.
Ténès, as brings it back the Shaw English: “In the time of Brace, people of Ténès were famous magicians. The Pharaon of Egypt would have made some come some, among most skilful, to oppose them to a miracle-worker Jew who beat all the magicians of the edge of the the Nile. ” But Ca remains qu a legend! Ténès N did not exist at that time!
Phéniciens
Towards, Phéniciens installed has Ténès a commercial counter, which supposed that there existed well at this period of the inhabitants with whom the newcomers exerted their commercial talents. Tombs exist to date on the dimension of the city. As from this moment the city carried the name of Karthennae, word which comes from Carth which means city and Thenna which was the name of the river which crossed the area. Or, another possible assumption, of the radical amazigh ens , which means to bivouac or spend during the night. Karth (enns) would like to say then, the city of the bivouac. Other sources advance the name of Carthennas , of punic origin which will give later the current name of Ténès.
The Berber ones
At the time of the Berber kingdoms, Ténès was located at the borders of Numidie Eastern (Massilia) and it was placed under the command of Syphax. At the end of the III E, she knew the Carthaginian domination and she was delivered by it by Massinissa.
Romans
In the year 30 AV JC, the Romans conquered the city and gave him the name of CARTENNA definitively. Auguste made of it a primarily formed military colony of soldiers of the 2nd Legion. Many vestiges going back to this time were find such as for example: mosaics with Roman inscriptions: Caius Fulcinius Optatus soldier of the 2nd Legion, or that of Victoria, girl of senatorial descent described in the book: " the Treasury of Ténès"
Arabs
The area was conquered between 675 and 682 by the military chief Abou El Mouhajir Dinar. It was controlled by various States: the Rostomeides, the Idrissides, the Mérinides, the Almoravides, the Almohades, and the Zianides. In the year 302, the Andalusians began the construction of the new city (Ténès el hadhar) paradoxically called the Vieux Ténès with the French colonists, and or the mosque of Sidi Maiza is (regarded as 3rd of the country and dating from the beginning of the 10th century). Ténès has this period known as a university town or remained of the students come from other areas and other universities to perfect their knowledge under the direction of eminent professors and scientists such as: Ibrahim Ibn Yekhlef Ibn Abdessalem Abou Ishak Ettensi, Ibrahim Ibn Abderrahmane Abou Ishak Ettensi, Muhammad Ibn Abdeljalil Abou Abdallah Ettensi or even Abou El Hassen Ibn Yekhlef Ettensi which created with his/her children several universities with Tlemcen and or it there taught, the current museum, an old mosque, bears its name. Arab geographers such as El Bekri (1068) or Al Yaakubi remained and described Ténès.
Turks
The Spaniards occupied Ténès since 1505 and they were driven out by it by the Turks and at their head Kheireddine Barberousse in 1516. The city will remain under Turkish domination until French colonization.
French
Ténès was occupied by colonel Changarnier on December 22nd, 1841, it gave up the place not finding there shelters sufficient and no resource for its cavalry. In 1843, the Bugeaud marshal decides creation of the port of Ténès and on April 28th, 1843, it leaves for Ténès; and it will leave there colonel Cavaignac with many military workers. In 1845, a rising bursts with the same doors of the city, but after two years of fight in Dahra, the chief of rising Mohamed El Kalii called Boumaaza, native of the Ténès Old man, is overcome and made captive. Starting from November 1st, 1954 the national liberation war starts which will finish with the independence of Algeria in 1962. - Ténès of 1830 to 1962TENES TRADITIONS AND LEGENDS TENES, in addition to its very rich history, has a multitude of facts which cannot be classes like histories, they make nevertheless left the traditions and the legends
DONATISTES, ROGATISTES, CATHOLICS.
THE DONATISTES : By pushing the diagram to the extreme one could have the following representation: on a side the Church of “pure”, the “just ones”, which was presented like such, because at the time of the last persecution, they did not have book the holy books with the persecutor. Other side, there was the least pure, the least holy, those which had made pretense deliver the books and liturgical objects, the catholics. The first had followed a bishop names Donat, and they were called donatists. They had the reputation to be relatively violent one.
THE ROGATISTES : In the diocese of Cartenna (Ténès) and its surroundings the situation were more complex. A bishop donatist, Rogatus Maurus (Maurus, because it was probably country) had condemns the violence of the donatists and became the founder of under schism, Rogatisme. Its followers were regarded as nonviolent ones.
THE CATHOLICS : It is the part which was regarded as less “pure” by those which constituted the donatist part.
FAMOUS CHRISTIANS OF TENES :
ROGATUS MAURUS : 1st known bishop of Ténès (towards 370) 2nd half of the 4th century was dominated by the strong presence of the bishop donatist of Ténès, Rogatus Maurus. It separated from the party of Donat after the edict of Julien the Apostate (361 - 363) who granted to Donatistes, on their request, the restitution of their Churches. Its dissension with Donatistes was base on the recourse to the violence of Circoncellions, uses sometimes by Bishops donatists against the Catholics. Without leaving the thought donatist, the Rogatus bishop founded a dissenting Church which had has to suffer from many times of the attacks of the armed bands with Firmus, whose family dominated Kabylie Western.
VINCENTIUS : Bishop rogatist of Ténès (370 in December 419): It is known thanks to a very long letter (50 pages) which addressed to him into 408 Saint Augustin, in answer has a letter, lost, of the Vincentius Bishop. Vincentius and Saint Augustin were fellow students in Carthage.
RUSTICUS : Catholic (towards 418): The name of the predecessor of Rusticus not being known, one knows on the other hand that it had many problems whose Rusticus underwent the consequences. There was in the diocese of Ténès, a catholic bishop in excess, the bishop Honorius, a bishop without episcopal see. With died of Deuterius (towards 419) bishop of Cesaree (Cherchel), the population of this quotes claimed Honorius as bishop. The bishop of Tenes, Rusticus, was regarded as person in charge of this disorder. Saint Augustin, delegated of the pope, was charged to take care that this business leads under the best conditions.
VINCENT - VICTOR : Laic, young intellectual of Ténès (catholic come with the rogatism): It had written two books on origin and nature of heart, whose theses are known by the refutation that made of it Saint Augustin in his draft “of nature and of the origin of the heart This young intellectual was courageous, it applied has Saint Augustin verse 13 of psalm 48: “this honourable man did not include/understand anything, one has compares it with the animals without reason and it became to them similar. ” Holy Augustin did not spare his young “brother”. All returned in the order thereafter and some think that Vincent - Victor became later the bishop Victor de Ténès, towards 450, and it left many writings
MOSLEM FAMOUS OF TENES :
Since the arrival of the Moslems and during all their reign, Ténès knew an undeniable prestige, in particular with the scientists of this time who, by the extent of their knowledge and their knowledge, in the scientist fields, theological, philosophical and of social sciences, made known their town of origin through the Maghreb, the East and the Muslim world in general. Among these famous men, most known are:
ABOU ISHAK IBRAHIM IBN YEKHLEF IBN ABDESSALEM ETTENSI : Native of Ténès, it left for Bejaia in search sciences and moved in the East, or it studied Logic and other sciences at El Karafi, Ibn Eddakik Elaid or Chems Eddine El Isbahani and then turned over has Ténès. When Yaghmoracen Ibn Ziane occupied the city, it took it with him has Tlemcen to teach Theology and Philosophy. Among his pupils one can quote: Abou Abdallah Ibn Merzoug, Djed El Djed, Abou Abdallah Ibn Elhadj El Abdari author of the “Medkhel”. The most important work is being the explanation in ten volumes of the book of Ibn Abi Mohamed Abdelwahid El Maliki: “Methods and pedagogy of teaching” He died into 680 of Hégire (1302).
ABOU EL HASSEN IBN YEKHLEF ETTENSI : Brother of Abou Ishak Ibrahim, it replaced it in teaching. he had a great notoriety near King Yaghmoracen and of Abou Said Ist. Among his works, one can quote: Explanation of diction work in ten volumes; Logical and methods of calculating . This in addition to several works of theology ( El Batin OAU Dhahir , El Mahçoul , etc). He died has Tlemcen into 706 of Hégire (1328), he was buried beside Abou Mediene Chouaib.
ALI IBN MOHAMMAD BEN AHMED BEN MOHAMMAD ETTENSI : He is the nephew of El Badr Mohamed Ben Ahmed, brother of Chihab Ahmed. Scientist it formed several generations of intellectuals and teachers. He wrote many fetwa. He sat inter alia in the courses of Syria in the capacity as doctor of law. Among its many works, El oussol fi dines () , El aadh () , Métaphores and rate/rhythm , " sciences of the communication ". Born Ténès into 831 has (1455), it died the 7 Choual 875 of Hégire (1497).
MOHAMMAD IBN ABDELDJALIL ABOU ABDALLAH ETTENSI : He learned from the scientists such as Abi El Fadhil Ibn Merzoug, El Okbani, Ennediari, Tazi and Ibn El Abbas. He taught philosophy, psychology, legal sciences. Its most important works: Structure of the hierarchies and disobedience in the State Zianide , Legal sciences (Edhabt) , the Heart of the hearts .
He was first has to speak about the existence of the Jews of Taout. He died into 899 of Hégire (1521).
External bonds
http://www.tenes.info/expliq.php - list of the inhabitants- http://www.errassed.org
- Ténès Site - Photographs of Ténès
Site of Sidi Moussa, in will daira of Taougrite: http://sidimoussachlef.ifrance.com
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