Szeged - SpeedyLook encyclopedia

Szeged (in Rumanian Seghedin ) is a town of Hungary, in the South of Budapest, located at the confluence of the the Tisza and Maros, in the department of the Csongrád. It counts close to 200 000 inhabitants. Not far from the Serb and Rumanian borders, Szeged was in 1919 the seat of the nationalist shadow governement to which to share the admiral Horthy took.

Geography

Geographical location

Szeged is located in the South of Hungary and the Grande Hungarian Plain, in the lower course of the the Tisza, which is thrown close to 120 km in the south of Szeged in the the Danube, in Serb Voïvodine. Maros is thrown in the Tisza at the Eastern exit of the city.

Two large lakes and about fifteen small lakes are located within the limits of the city. Two larger ( Fehér-tó and Sándorfalvi halastó ) are located at the North of the city. Some of the small lakes are of artificial origin and are used, in particular, for the practice of the canoe.

Districts and districts

Communes bordering

Zsombó
Szatymaz
Algyő
Domaszék

Climate

150px|thumb|right|Klimadiagramm Szeged The climate is of continental type moderate, with weak precipitations, hot summers and cold winters. January is the coldest month (average: -1°C), August the hottest month (+21,3°C). The area surrounding Szeged is sunniest of Hungary, with approximately 2100 hours of sunning each year.

History

Szeged was founded by the Romains and bore initially the name of Partiscum . If one bases oneself on the results of excavations, the king of the Huns Attila would have installed a military base on this site. Its privileged geographical location explains a human presence going back to several millenia.

Time of Rome, salt, gold and wood borrowed the waterways and terrestrial which crossed the current city. The Hungarians were established here as from the 10th century. The first reliable data having milked at the city go back to the year 1183, making of Szeged (Ciggedin) the center of the transport of salt in Hungary. Szeged was reduced of ashes following the Mongolian invasions 1241, then rebuilt and equipped with fortifications. Szeged becomes a commercial exchange as of the 13th century, in particular thanks to the part played by the production of salt.

The king Béla IV makes of Szeged a city in 1247. It becomes royal city in 1498. The Turks seize and reduce in ashes the city in 1526. The Turkish reign will last 143 years and will be finished in 1686, when the city is reconquered by the Austrian army. Szeged becomes temporarily capital country during the combat of release carried out against Habsbourgs (1848-1849).

Catastrophic risings destroy the city with 95% in 1879. Only 300 of some 6000 houses remain upright. An international assistance then will go on the city to rebuild it, according to new plans. That explains the structure of the streets of the current city, equipped with transverse ways and peripheral ways and ways irradiant. The peripheral ways always to date bear the names of the cities which took part in the rebuilding. The unit and the eclectic image of the city, the palates of the downtown area, the parks and vast places, Szeged have the character of a modern European city.

With the turning of the century, fast changes intervene in several fields. The trade and industry develop, of new schools and institutions are created. In 1921, the university Cluj-Napoca (current Romania) is transferred to Szeged, follows the episcopal seat of Timisoara in 1923, and 1928 the teaching School of Pest. The construction of the cathedral, started in 1913 and stopped by the First World War, is completed in 1930.

After the Second world war, which leads mainly to the destruction of the bridges, the city again starts again to develop. Many residences are built in the years 1960, agribusiness industry (production of salami, transformation of paprika, food-preserving industry) becomes the industrial branch most important of Szeged.

Nowadays, Szeged is an economic, cultural and scientific center. It counts among the five university centres of importance of Hungary, thanks to the recent meeting under the same roof of the univesrities and universities like its many colleges with various specializations. The number of pupils and students is comparable with that of a Hungarian city of intermediate size. Beside the theater of outdoor organized in summer, of its fairs and international exhibitions and scores, Szeged is also famous for its gastronomy.

Population

In 2001, on a population of 163.699 inhabitants, the city counted 93,5% of Hungarian, 0,7% of Tziganes, 0,6% of German, 0,5% of Serbes, 0,2% of Rumanian, 0,2% of Slovaques, Croatian 0,1% of and 5,9% of other nationalities.

Economy and infrastructure

Economy

Agroalimentary

The saving in Szeged is characterized mainly by agribusiness industry. The most important products are exported. They include salami, the universally famous Paprika of Szeged (soft or spiced) as well as preserves. The company Pick is one of the most dynamic and known Hungarian companies abroad. It is before very famous for the production of Salami. It represents one of the most important companies of the area, since Pick also supports the culture and the sport with Szeged even.

Communication

Two bridges make it possible to cross the the Tisza in its center. In the part the bridge Bertalan híd Is city connects Római krt. ( körút , therefore one of the streets being used as by-pass) with Temesvári krt which is located in the center of the new town of Szeged. Nearly 500 m in the west the bridge Belvárosi híd is which connects the place Roosevelt for the third time with the place Torontál for the third time of the center town. The two bridges bear their current names since a decision taken by the town hall in May 2001.

Lanes

A single railway allows the service road of Szeged on the line of Budapest the town of Novi Sad (in Hungarian Újvidék ) in Serbia of North, located at 120 km more in the south. Since 1920 there does not exist any more rail link with close Romania. Two stations, Újszeged vá. and Rókus vá. , comes to be added to the main station in the agglomeration.

Public transport

Public transport is, from a Hungarian point of view, relativemlent conceived well in Szeged. Buses, trolley buses and trams circulate. The tickets can be bought near offices tobacco, at the sales offices of titles and sometimes in certain food trade. The majority of the vehicles circulate between 04:00 and 23.00 hours.

Culture and curiosities

Regular demonstrations

All the year of many demonstrations take place with Szeged. Those will not interest only the inhabitants of Szeged and its area but also the tourists. Some of them must really hold our attention:

Szeged, Beer festival from June 11th to 15th;
Szeged, Theater of outdoor from July 4th to August 20th, which has like characteristic to propose performances on the Place of the market opposite the imposing cathedral and the Demetrius Tower;
International festival of Alternate Theater from July 22nd to 28th - (Center of the organization of alternate theater) Thealter
University - cultural Festival of autumn (University of Szeged, Office of the culture)

Tourist curiosities

With its historical buildings and places, Szeged represents a tourist center of importance attended mainly by European and American tourists. One of the most beautiful places of the downtown area is the place Széchenyi for the third time ( for the third time = „place “), with the town hall (városháza) built in the style Jugendstil. Its green surfaces, fountains and statues invite to stroll there. This place is regularly used by the city for the organization of various events. At the south of the Place Széchenyi for the third time is located the street Kárász utca ( utca = „street “), the principal commercial street of Szeged, which leads to the place Dugonics for the third time while passing by the place Klauzál for the third time . In the place Klauzál for the third time we find one of the most known and important coffees of Szeged, the Virág-cukrászda . Of its balcony the last speech in Hungary of Lajos Kossuth in 1849 was marked, before it is exiled. Place Dugonics for the third time the glance goes on the fountains located at the center of the place and on the administrative building of the University of Szeged, also set up in the Jugendstil style. In the south-east of Dugonics for the third time we find the most known place of Szeged, the Place of the Cathedral Dóm for the third time . The Votive Église , whose construction was decided by the leaders of the city the year following the large floods, is visible by far. During its construction, the load-bearing walls the Tour Demetrius were discovered. This tower can be visited since its restoration, and represents the oldest monument of Szeged. The place is framed by the national Mémorial (the Pantheon) which honors with the famous characters with the public life, Hungarian policy and scientist through various statues, busts and tables. Another characteristic is the musical clock located at the Northern entry of the place, which makes resound its bells and daily activate its puppets towards 12:15 and 16:15 during nine minutes. In summer of the parts of the literature and opera, as of the fokloric evenings are played there within the framework of the „theater of outdoor of Szeged “. Opposite the Votive Church the episcopal Palais and of the buildings of the university is. At the Northern end of the place Dóm for the third time is the serbo-orthodoxe church , built in 1773-1778. It contains a iconostase rococo of 80 icons cut in wood of pear tree by Jován Popovics. Let us take the direction of the the Tisza then more in north towards Belvárosi híd . We arrive at the place Roosevelt for the third time and the museum Ferenc-Móra , rested by the Hungarian writer Ferenc Móra. We will visit in its rooms of the exposures on the old story of the area as well as archaeological discoveries of the time Awaren. We will find there also exposures on illustrated art, sciences, pharmacy, popular art in the Komitats Csongrád, but still an exposure dedicated to Ferenc Móra (1879-1934). A little further we let us arrive at the National theater in the street Deák Ferenc utca 12 , a theater set up in 1883 in a néobaroque style.

Still let us quote some curiosities of Szeged:

the House Déry : a permanent exposure presents to it works of the graphic designer János Kass;
the Church Fogadalmi (Neoromanisme, 1913-1930);
the Church Ferences (Gotique, 15th century);
the Church Minorita (Baroque, 18th century);
the New Synagog (according to plans of Lipót Baumhorn);
the Observatory ;
the Animalist Park;
the Botanical garden .

Teaching, sciences and research

General information

Szeged has 62 nursery schools, 32 elementary schools/colleges, 18 colleges and a university. The two most famous colleges (the Ságvári Endre Gyakorló Gimnázium and the Radnóti Endre Gimnázium ) appear among 15 the best of the country. Szeged attracts thousands of students of all Hungary, but also of the rest of Europe.

Universities

The Université of Szeged (in Hungarian Szegedi Tudományegyetem )
was founded starting from the meeting of the 3 establishments formerly independent of higher education following:

the Attila-József University (in Hungarian József Attila Tudományegyetem , in summary JATE )
the University of Medicine „Albert Szent-Györgyi “(in Hungarian Szent-Györgyi Albert Orvostudományi Egyetem , in summary SZOTE )
higher establishment of Pedagogy „Gyula Juhász “(in Hungarian Juhász Gyula Tanárképző Főiskola ).

Moreover appartiennet at the university higher Establishment of food industry of Szeged, Establishment higher of agriculture of Szeged than Hódmezővásárhely as well as the Academy.

Twinnings

Personalities

Gábor Boldoczki, Hungarian trompetist
Francisco Kröpfl, Argentinian type-setter
Peter Lékó, player of failure of world level

Albert Szent-Györgyi is fundamentally related to the image of the town of Szeged, although it was born with Budapest. It represents one of the most important personalities of Szeged, which borrowed its name for the Universität Szeged. He taught several years lasting in this University, and also occupied the post of vice-chancellor. Its discoveries in the field of the process of combustion biological made known it abroad, in particular about the vitamin C and of the catalysis of the Fumaric acid . It passes thus as the discoverer of the vitamin C. It obtained the Nobel Prize of Medicine for his research in 1937.

Vilmos Zsigmond is one of the less known “children” of the city. Born in 1930 in Szeged, it lived there thereafter the invasion by the Red Army in 1956, and documented it with its camera. He flees later in the United States and worked there like Chef operator in many films. He gained the Oscar better cinematography in 1978, for film of Steven Spielberg Rencontres of the third type .

Adrián Zsolt Annus must still be mentioned here like one of youngest Szegedois. It passes to be one of the Lanceurs of most famous weights in the world, which it showed in particular with the World Championships of Athletics of Paris in 2003, by finishing second. Asses gained the title with the Olympic Games of Athens in 2004, but was disqualified to have refused to present itself to control antidopage.

Of other interesting personalities is listed on the following bonds (in German): List der Szegediner Persönlichkeiten und List der Ehrenbürger von Szeged

Culinary specialities

a culinary speciality of Szeged is the Goulach de Szeged. It is here about Gulasch makes starting from sauerkraut and pigmeat.
Of other products of Szeged is inter alia Salami Pick and Paprika of Szeged, which confers on the Hungarian dishes their characteristic taste. This pepper is intensively used in the fish soup which is produced only here.

External bonds

Plane Official site of the city
of Szeged
Gate of Szeged
Another bond in connection with the city
VirtualSzeged

Random links:

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