Since, concerning several people, the Politique needs to use systems of decision making applicable to a Collectif, in the same way, remainder, each Individu invents also such systems for itself.
General considerations
To take a Decision, multiple conditions should be met:
- to specify the nature of the Decision, its range. It can be a question of a simple Décision (a nomination, a Référendum by yes or not) or of a more or less coherent whole of dependant Décision S (for example: a policy and those which will implement it, declaration of war and nomination of a general-in-chief, etc).
- to determine the whole of the procedure before (access to public space and media, sufficient knowledge in general and in particular on the subject subjected to Decision so that the participants can be determined with full knowledge of the facts, etc), during (electoral operations), and after the vote (consequences and treatment of the irregularities, application). Three important components of the procedure must be distinguished:
- to indicate the acceptable options, which can be subjected to the process (choice at the entry) or which can leave there (conditions of exit). If the procedure envisages it, it can allow the evolution of the options, the final Décision not being necessarily one of the initial options. The options depend on the type of Décision: for the people, one speaks about candidates who will have to be eligible .
- to designate the participants. The conditions which they must meet can be of all kind: age, Nationality, residence (District S electoral), quality, condition of richness or income, etc and can even vary according to the subject. In addition, it happens that the procedure envisages evolutions.
- to fix the passage of the preferences of the participants in the final Decision. It is there that the voting system
intervenes
According to the adopted methods, one classifies each system in a Political regime. One will note in particular that
- the rule of law forces the procedure to be entirely fixed in advance, without possibility of modification in the course of procedure.
- the mode of nomination of the participants is an important component. Certain modes post strong requirements, others of the weak requirements, but all the modes fix conditions. It happens that one can be eligible without being entitled to vote, and conversely.
-
the Dictature is simplest: there is only one individual who counts, it does what it wants as he wants. In practice, the dictatorship is seldom absolute, would be this only for practical reasons which force the dictator to have collaborators with a little autonomy. The real dictatorship is a complex system.
- the Consensus is rather simple, everyone must give its approval. But there are generally related considerations (indirect pressures) which oblige the participants to be satisfied result.
- the Vote which takes account of the various preferences, to lead to a Décision which does not satisfy everyone inevitably. Its principal aspects are developed separately:
- Voting system, for the transformation of the preferences of the participants into collective Decision, the electorate and options being given.
- Electorate, for the participants and their designation.
- electoral Procedure, for the rules which must follow implementation the practical of a vote
- the representative system , where a restricted number people (named by vote or not) decides for the whole of the others.
- the Marché is a system more general than the vote, in other words the vote is a particular market, with more conditions (currency of single use, capacity of proposal limited).
- the Federalism where the Décision S are caught by perpetually flexible affinitaires groups.
- the Random , the Décision is drawn with the fate among a list from proposals.
- of the analog and digital systems, most frequent: an infinite quantity of systems, exploiting several types of elementary procedures, encased in a complex way. For example: designation by consensus of individuals charged to make proposals with an elected intermediate body which negotiates them and thus modifies them before the result is subjected to ratification if it passes the validation of a body having right to veto.
To note:
- the Compromis is not a system of Decision making, it is a result obtained, different from the initial options, and on which the participants agree to say that it makes an acceptable synthesis (though not necessarily satisfactory).