The systemic is a formalization of the systemic Théorie, therefore a scientific Méthode based on logic of Système.

This step (sometimes named systemic Analyze, or systemic Approche), makes it possible to exceed the limits of the traditional Cartésianisme to tackle complex subjects which were refractory for him, thanks to a vision Holistique. It can thus be connected with a Science as such, but also with a Langage, a frame of mind (see Liberty Ship), even with a Philosophie.

This scientific principle must still stabilize its Axiomatique to be established as a science resulting in particular from the Cybernétique.

History

Word systemic is appeared in second half of 20th century and rises from System theory (or systemic Théorie ) which is one of the bases of the systemic one, but not only.

The formal study of the systems appeared at the 19th century with the birth of industry. They is at this time there that were conceptualized the concepts of Régulation (feedback) and of control, essential with operation without risks of the steam engines.

End of this century, integration in Social science of vaster logics appear with the Holisme in Sociologie (comprehension of the individual through social logics), and the Structuralisme in Linguistique (linguistic Signe through several components analyzes).

In first half of the 20th century, Ludwig von Bertalanffy theorized the operation of the biological systems (Theory of the General System). Under the impulse of Norbert Wiener, the Cybernétique was created as a " Communications theory " in the years 1940 and gave rise to the electronic , the Informatique, or the Robotique.

The systemic approach diffused in France is primarily influenced by these two currents.

Vis-a-vis the difficulties encountered in the application of cybernetics to the social systems (undertaken, organizations,…) Karl E. Weick (the USA) and P. Checkland (England) provided in the years the 1970 foundations of a " systemic of 3rd génération" , entirely centered on the social systems. This one took its rise in the Anglo-Saxon countries but remains relatively little known in the French-speaking universe.

First approach

The article Introduction to systemic the details the systemic installation of the concepts with amongst other things:

• the Theory of the general system, the Cybernetic and the Structuralism like movements founders,
• the Theory of chaos, the Système complexes, the dynamic Système among the emerged movements,
• the Game theory, the Artificial intelligence, and much of others like associated movements,
• the systemic Méthodologie in it even like innovative step.

The systemic one in family therapy

The systemic one falls under the approaches with psychotherapeutic aiming, with the theory of conscious and of unconscious the . It is however about a therapy known as short, in opposition to the therapies of the psychoanalytical type and psychotherapy of long life or development of consumer loyalty . It developed within the school of Palo Alto. It consists in an comprehensive approach of a problem lived by a person, considering that this one lives in an interacting environment.

For example, considering a person reached of alcoholism, this therapeutic approach will treat the whole of the relational system of the person, so that she does not have any more the possible role of scapegoat in which she could be placed. According to the systemicians, there would not be not the insane one, but insane relations . The therapeutist will not seek it why things, but how to make so that the problem ceases as soon as possible. They are the family systemic Thérapies.

This approach is especially developed in the United States. The most famous author of this approach is Paul Watzlawick.

Axiomatic

to check: it rather seems to act of a schedule of conditions that of an axiomatic base

In its work " Systemic: life and died of civilization occidentale" appeared in 2002, Jean-Pierre Algoud proposes a systemic paradigm as bases reflection, organized around 6 axioms founders with the systemic step:

• axiom 1: " To rebuild the system in its totalité" by a regrouping and a gathering of the knowledge necessary to the comprehension of the studied object,
• axiom 2: " To redesign the individual training of the connaissances" by the development of the versatility and the decompartmentalization of the knowledge for a total reintegration of the Man in the Universe of which it is recipient,
• axiom 3: " To reinstate the Man in Univers" by the suppression of the opposition between exact sciences (i.e “hard sciences”) and social sciences (i.e “soft sciences”) for a unification of the prone tandem/object,
• axiom 4: " To know to enumerate the identifying information of a système" in order to avoid the blur on the object studied and formalized by the associated scientific theory,
• axiom 5: " To control the evolution of the object by the Dynamic of the Systems " within a Heuristic framework where the engine of the evolution is energy,
• axiom 6: " To control the natural or artificial system using systemic theories with character prédictif" within the framework of the limits of the natural evolution possible of the Universe.

Bibliographical references

• Joel de Rosnay, the macroscope, towards a comprehensive view , 1977
• Jean-Louis Moigne, the theory of the general system. Theory of modeling , 1977, PUF. Republications in 1986,1990,1994 and 2006 in the form of e-book accessible here,
• Jean-Louis Moigne, the modeling of the complex systems , 1990,
• Francis Gallou, Bernadette Stopper-Miller (coord.), Systemic, Theory and Applications, 1992, ED. Technique and Lavoisier Documentation,
• Jean-Pierre Algoud, Systemic: life and died of Western civilization , 2002, ED. Interdisplinaire , 2 volumes, 1.600 p.,
• Michel Crozier, the actor and the System , 1977, the Threshold
• Daniel Durand, systemic the , 1979, PUF
• Dominique Bériot, To manage by the systemic approach , 2006, Foreword of Michel Crozier - Editions of Organization
• Dominique Bériot, Of the microscope to the macroscope , 1992, Foreword of Joel de Rosnay - ESF Editor
• Jean-Michel Penalva, modeling by the systems in complex situations , 1997, University of Paris XI - Thesis of doctorate

See too

• ecosystemic Approach
• Cybernetic
• In Social sciences, the systemic Analyze , sometimes named systemic approach indicates here its application in Psychothérapie. It is closely related to the principle of systemic but its matter remains attached to the family Thérapie.
• In economy: systemic Risk
• Insecticidal systemic

External bonds

• a panorama on the systemic one and its various uses, on the site of http://perso.orange.fr/claude.rochet/systemique.html Claude Rochet]
• the systemic Village See in particular the heading " découverte" for a broad review
• topology: 2006: new mathematics applied to the analysis of the complex systems
• the systemic one in the organizations (undertaken, administrations,…) : www.systemique.com Case studies, Leitartikeces, copyleftées resources.
• systemic approach in pedagogy