The synthesis of images is one of the disciplines of the Infographie, it consists of the creation assisted by Ordinateur of digital images. These images are called synthesized images .

If the quality and the power of the computer materials on which the first images were conceived (in the years 1960), which it are for the calculation of the images or their posting, did not allow the Photoréalisme, the main tendency of the Eighties was towards certain a Photoréalisme. This one being almost reached in the Nineties (in differed time), even in real-time (years 2000), one observes a return to a certain graphic freedom in the design of the images.

These images are often arranged in the following categories, in a nonexhaustive way, according to the methods with which they are created:

  • 2D : these images are created by techniques working directly on 2 dimensions of the image, that it is
    • by creating forms ex nihilo (drawing, painting, etc),
    • or by various processes Algorithmique S (images fractales,
    • or by Image processing, i.e. modification of the properties of each pixel of an image of origin (photographic or drawn, etc). These modifications can relate to dimensions of the forms, their brightness, their color. They pass in particular by a certain number of filters (mathematical operations) whose fundamental ones appeared with Photoshop.

  • 3D where the images are created by techniques of Synthèse of image 3D. The principal stages of creation of the images 3D are:

    • the modeling of the objects of the scene in three dimensions,
    • the position and the trajectory of the camera and the target,
    • positioning and the adjustment of the lights,
    • creation and the assignment of textures,
    • the choice of the mode of returned,
    • the calculation of the images.

See also: Synthesis of image 3D

With the cinema

  • Since 1973, Peter Foldes produces in Canada a certain number of short films animated by computer, like the Hunger.
  • In 1982 Tron is the first film to mix real images and images created or improved by computer.
  • In 1985 Tony de Peltrie, appearance of a strong emotional load.
  • In 1986 John Lasseter which carried out the first short film entirely in synthesized images, Luxo Jr. is nominated with the Oscars.
  • In 1995, it repeats with Toy Story, the first of the feature-length films, for which it receives a Oscar.
  • Finally in 2001, Final Fantasy: the Creatures of the spirit is the first feature-length film ambitionnant the Photoréalisme.

(See also Animation 3D)

Some great names of the synthesis of images

  • Ivan Sutherland, the precursor and its interactive system Sketchpad;

  • Pierre Bézier at Renault, where he invented the curves which bear its name, used in CAD;
  • Paul de Casteljau at Citroen, which invented a calculation algorithm of the curves of Bézier;
  • Benoit Mandelbrot discovering the properties Fractale S, used in simulation of plants, grounds, and other phenomena complex;
  • Henri Gouraud for his algorithm of shade;
  • Bui Tuong Phong working with INRIA, where it created its algorithm of illumination and, with some other researchers, a pre-version of what was going to become OpenGL;
  • Jack E. Bresenham for its algorithms of layout of segment and circle, based on whole operations.

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