The synoptic term is used in Météorologie and Océanographie to indicate the phenomena which occur on a planetary scale . More precisely, the phenomena of the synoptic scale are characterized by a ray of more than 1000 km and a duration of several days. The depression S, the Anticyclone S and large the current oceanic are typical examples.
The Navier-Stokes equations can be simplified on this scale while dropping certain terms, whose values are much lower than the others. One thus obtains the primitive equations of the atmospheric and marine fluids. For example, on a synoptic scale, the balance of power on a piece of air shows that the terms of the Force of Coriolis and the Gradient of Pression are of order much higher than those of the centripetal Force. One can thus use only the two first in the equation of the horizontal movement, which gives the geostrophic approximation. Same manner, the movement in the vertical is approximated by the equation Hydrostatique.
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