Syndrome of hyperviscosity

The syndrome of hyperviscosity is a clinical syndrome, due to an increase in blood viscosity involving a resistance to the flow of blood flow in the vessels.

Etiologies

Big raise of the number of illustrated elements of blood: polycythémies, leukemias, thrombocytémies
Increase in the hématocrite: polyglobulies and pseudo-polyglobulies
Increase in the rate of protids:

Gammapathies monoclonal (myélome multiple with IgG or IgA, macroglobulinemy of Waldenström) and polyclonales (syndrome of Sjögren, angio-immunoblastic lymphadenopathy, complex circulating immunes, factor rhumatoïde, leishmaniose, trypanosomiasis…)
Cryoglobulinémies
Increase in proteins of the ignition (dysfibrinogenemy)

Increase in the agregability of the red blood corpuscles
Reduction in the deformability of the red blood corpuscles
Hypothermias

Private clinic

general Signs with asthenia, anorexia and Malayan
neurological Signs with cephalgias, behavioral problems, somnolence, disorders of the conscience (being able to go until the coma),
Signs ORL with giddinesses, hypoacusia, nystagmus
ophthalmologic Signs with fall of the vision
cardiovascular Signs with orthostatic hypotension and cardiac failure, increase of a preexistent ischaemia, thromboses arterial or venous

Treatment

A treatment etiologic is most of the time necessary. Sometimes, in the symptomatic plasmatic hyperviscosity, it is necessary to carry out an emergency treatment by Plasmaphérèse. In the symptomatic hyperviscosity by rise in the hématocrite: hémodilution (taking away of blood and re-injection of plasma and a substitute compensating for the volume of red blood corpuscles) Symptomatic treatment with plate anticoagulants and antiagrégants.

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