Syncopate (medicine)
See also: Syncope
In medical term, the syncope (or the Malayan ) is a spontaneously reversible brutal loss of consciousness, related to an abrupt reduction in the cerebral blood flow: it always finds its origin in a cardiac anomaly or vascular.
It is distinguished classically from the Lipothymie S, term indicating a Malayan without loss of consciousness. Several popular terms indicate this symptom: faintness, Giddiness, lourdines, faindings, vapors, etc the pathological significance of these two events is however the same one, and a lipothymy must be explored with as many care than a true syncope.
The syncopes should not be confused with the Coma, which is a durable abolition of the conscience, spontaneously irreversible, secondary with a neurological anomaly deteriorating the nervous ways responsible for the conscience and the awakening.
The causes of the syncopes multiple and are varied and require always an evaluation by a doctor to eliminate the serious causes.
Causes of syncope
Cardiac causes
- secondary with a disorder of the rate/rhythm,
- secondary with a conductive disorder of the heart,
- occurring with the effort: Myxome (tumor) of the auricle, aortic Contracting tight, obstructive cardiomyopathy, Tetralogy of Hand lantern, pulmonary arterial Hypertension, pulmonary Embolism…
At the young subject
Occurred of a syncope at a young subject especially during an effort must make the following genetic diseases belonging to the groups of the Canalopathie S:-
the Syndrome of the long QT and its four known phenotypes:
- the Syndrome of Romano-Ward
- the syndrome of Jervell-Lange-Nielsen
- the Syndrome of Andersen-Tawil
- the Syndrome of Timothy
-
the syndrome of the short QT or Syndrome of Brugada.
- the ventricular Dysplasie right-hand side arythmogene
- the catecholergic polymorphic ventricular Tachycardia
It will also be necessary to consider the possibility of the abnormal birth of the coronary left on the level of the coronary sine right. This abnormal distribution obliges the Coronaire to pass between the Aorte and the pulmonary artery which while dilating during the efforts can compress the coronary vessel.
Vascular causes
- Malayan vagal (or vagale syncopates) (in this benign case even if can repeat itself), being able to be related to the Toux, the defecation) or with a strong emotion (seen blood, etc),
- secondary with a brutal mechanical fall of the Blood-pressure and thus of the cerebral perfusion (bleeding, some Cardiopathie S, pulmonary Embolie, “black Voile” during great accelerations of the fighter pilots…).
Ventilatory causes
Differential diagnosis of syncope
There exists of different faintnesses, but from which the causes and the evolution are very different from the syncopes.-
of neurological origin : Cerebral vascular accident, comitiality (epilepsy)…
- of metabolic origin : Hypoglycemia, spontaneously mortal .
- Hysteria (psychiatric disease become extremely rare nowadays, to evoke only lastly and after having eliminated all the other diagnoses).
See too
-
Gestures of first urgency > Malayan
- orthostatic Hypotension.
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