Here a list of the political parties currently present on the federal scene Swiss. They are classified according to the number of members of Parliament within the National council:
History of the Swiss parties
With the birth of the Federal state in 1848, one distinguishes primarily three political clouts:- the radicals
- catholic conservatives
- Protestant conservatives
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the radical , victorious of the War of Sonderbund, are in favor of the new institutions and the centralization of Switzerland. They dominate the Swiss political life until the First World War. The liberal-radical family includes/understands in 1848 a radical wing (left) and a liberal wing (center). In the Années 1860 is formed a new democratic wing with the left of the movement. The two wings democrat and liberal lose in substance and the properly radical tendency is essential. The creation of the radical parliamentary group goes up with 1878. The radical-democratic Parti is founded only in 1894. It lays out of the absolute majority with the federal Assemblée until in 1919 and with the Federal council until in 1943.
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the liberal emergent at the end of the 19th century and remain today in the Protestant cantons of French-speaking Switzerland and with Basle-City. Their group goes back to 1893 and the Liberal party of 1913. He is the heir to the preserving reformed opposed to the centralization. Their 4 current elected officials join the radicals in a common group. The Protestant mediums are represented by a Parti evangelic whose first member of Parliament is elected in 1919 (under the label of the Parti Christian-Protestant ).
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the preserving catholics represent overcome war of Sonderbund and are attached to the Souveraineté cantons and the defense of the situation of the Roman Catholic church. The Parti Christian-Democrat is formed in 1912 but the parliamentary group exists as of 1857. In 1963, they reach their apogee with 23,4% of the voices but they constantly move back since while falling to 14,4% in 2003.
- a Christian woman-social tendency appears there and the party refers there in its name of 1957 to 1971. This wing remains present, via the Christian-social Parti , in certain French cantons of which the Valais and the the Jura.
- Another tendency is distinguished as of 1994 under the name of catholic Popular party before becoming the Parti Christian-conservative . This party wishes a religious company and preserving and is especially established in certain Germanic cantons .
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the socialist , which create the Socialist party in 1888, appear on the parliamentary scene in 1890. Their elected officials are initially attached to the group of industrial relations policy which includes/understands also democrats until in 1911 (creation date of a clean parliamentary group). After the creation of the Third International, a scission occurs with the constitution of a communist group the shortly after the First World War. The Swiss left remained social democrat essentially, the party occupies the first rank among the Swiss parties as of 1931 and this during about fifty years.
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the agrarian , gathered within the Party of the peasants, craftsmen and middle-class , result from a radical dissidence and make elect an important parliamentary group in 1919. In 1971, the party becomes the democratic Union of the center after having absorbed the democrats of the Canton of Glaris and the Grisons. Opposed to a possible accession of Switzerland to the European Union, the party constantly progresses at the point to exceed the Socialists like first party of the country in 1999, with the conquest of 15 seats, victory repeated in 2003 with 11 profits at the National council.
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the ecologists , gathered within the Party ecologist , appear in the Années 1980 with a moderate wing and a more radical wing. Today, a vast majority of their elected officials find itself in the same parliamentary formation which count 20 national advisers and two advisers with the states.
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the nationalist right makes elect its first deputy in 1967. In 1971, one year after the rejection of the initiatives Schwarzenbach on the stabilization of the foreign labor, 7 republicans and 4 members of the National action are elected at the National council. They form the group republican and national . The republican movement disappears gradually and, in 1990, the National action takes the Swiss name of Démocrates (by absorbing the Vigilants Genevese). This tendency does not count any more any elected official at the national level today. The Ligue of Tessinois appears in 1991 but occupies only between 1 and 3 of the 10 seats reserved for this canton. In addition, the Parti nationalist Switzerland makes an extremely discrete entry in 2004 while making elect two of its members at the communal level .
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the Alliance of Independent the , which combines economic Libéralisme and Social progress, makes elect its first representatives in 1935. In 1967, it counts 17 members of Parliament. This formation is close to the Coopérative Migros, whose its chief is also the founder. It does not dissolve after the elections of 1999 because not counting any more but one elected official.
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the Left the motorists (become Left freedom in 1994) account some members of Parliament of 1987 with 1999, after which its political space is occupied by the nationalist right.
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