Swine-fever

The swine-fever traditional is a contagious Viral disease which touches the Suidé S (of which the domestic Porc and the Sanglier) which would be only the “tank wild” .

Faute of known effective cure, the sick suidés pigs and others must be shot down, buried or incinerated under the sanitary arrangements suitable and the observance of the local regulation and international (Code GOOSE).

Note: There exists also an African swine fever, also zoonose with obligatory declaration.

Description

The person in charge of the “swine-fever traditional” is a Virus of the family of the Flaviviridés, kind Pestivirus (even kind that the virus responsible for hepatitis C).

Surface of Distribution: this virus is present in the essence of Asia, the Central America and South America like in certain parts of Europe and Africa. Many countries are regarded as unscathed (see updated of the GOOSE.

Resistance/sensitivity: This virus resists cold and congelation, and certain treatments of the meat (preserving, manuring) thus (partially) that with a moderate heat (to 56°C) and thus in a badly cooked meat.
Il is inactivated with a pH <3,0 or >11,0 seldom reached in nature. It is sensitive to the ether, the Chloroforme and the ß-propiolactone to 0,4% and inactivated by the Crésol, the Hydroxyde of sodium (2%), the formol (1%), the sodium carbonate (anhydrous to 4% or in crystalline form at 10%, with 0,1% of detergent), the ionic detergents or not ionic and the Iodophore S forts (1%) in the phosphoric Acid

Incubation: 2 to 14 days.

Transmission

by ingestion, contact with the conjunctive one or Mucous S, abrasions, Insemination, percutaneous blood penetration
via secretions, excrements, urine and others excrétats (glandular Sperm, secretion), blood, by contact between animals (possible Infection transplacentaire; the piglet infected in utero then excrêtant the virus lasting several months)
Propagation by the people, and the Fomite S (tools, vehicles, boots, clothing, instruments, needles, etc) contaminated in the breedings,
indirect Contact via buildings or places contaminated (wild boar impressions?)
distribution with the pigs or food wild boars of cooked waste evil and a source of contamination.

Clinical diagnosis

acute Form

Fever (41°C), Anorexia, Hyperémie multifocale and cutaneous lesions hemorrhagic, conjunctivitis, with cutaneous Cyanosite, in particular of the distal zones (ears, legs, tail, face mask)
digestive Anomalies: Momentary constipation then diarrhea, with vomiting (occasional)
respiratory Anomalies: Dyspnea, cough
behavioral Modification: the animals pile up, and are lethargic
Mort into 5 to 15 days after the primary symptoms, with nearly 100% of mortality in the young people

chronic Form

Abatement, irregular appetite, fever, diarrhea (during up to one month)
an apparent convalescence, is followed of a relapse resulting in death

Congenital form It is characterized by a congenital tremor, a muscular asthenia, a staturo-ponderal delay and evolves to death in a few weeks in several months. The clinical picture is normal but the persistent viremy, without immunizing answer

There exists an attenuated form (in the females), characterized by:

a hyperthermia and irregular appetite
piglet birth alive, but congenitally reached and contagious, or;
fetal death (with fetal resorption, momification, still birth and seldom abortion)

Lesions

acute Form

Leucopenia and Thrombopénie, Pétéchie S and disseminated Bruise S, of which on the skin, the larynx, the bladder, the kidneys and the Valvule iléo-cecal, as on the lymphatic Ganglions which are often tumefied and hemorrhagic.
Infarcissement multifocal of the splenic edge (typical but not systematic)
Encephalomyelitis with sleeve périvasculaire

chronic Form

Rare hemorrhagic and inflammatory lesions
Ulcers in button, on the cecum and the large intestine
Déplétion generalized of lymphoid fabric

congenital Form

Dysmyélinogenèse power station, cérébelleuse hypoplasy; microcephalus, pulmonary hypoplasy, hydropisy and other malformations

Differential diagnosis

This virus disease should not be confused with

African porcine Peste (essential taking away and analyzes)
bovine viral Diarrhée
Salmonellose
Rouget
Pasteurellose acute
Encéphalomyélite S viral others only this one
Streptococcie
Leptospirose
ic Intoxication Coumarin

the biological Diagnosis makes the object of procedures and information specified by a Handbook of GOOSE, resting on:

the direct Immunofluorescence (on cuts of bodies, carried out with the Cryostat)
the insulation of the virus in cellular culture, with detection by immunofluorescence by Immunoperoxidase, and confirmation by monoclonal antibodies.

the serologic Tests are done starting from samples taken on amygdalae, Ganglions lymphatic (pharyngés, mesenteric), Rate, Reins, distal Iléon, Sang in EDTA (for live animals), and are to be cooled and quickly send to the laboratory. The tests are:

viral Neutralization revealed by the antibodies related to the Peroxidase
viral Neutralization revealed by the fluorescent antibodies
Test ELISA

One tests also the samples of Sérum coming from cured suspect animals, of females whose ranges were suspectées of congenital contamination or of suidés supervised.

Vaccines

Vaccines with modified alive virus are effective where the virus is enzootic but does not allow a éradiquer the infection. In the unscathed countries, where in which the eradication is in progress, vaccination is usually prohibited.

Disease prevention

Prevention upstream: It passes by the éco-epidemiologic monitoring and serologic of the virus, and thus by health monitoring, the total traceability of the animals high and killed with hunting, the control of sows and Verrat S reserved for the reproduction. It depends on the reactivity of the communication between veterinarian authorities, veterinary surgeons, experts and stockbreeders, the declaration (obligatory) of the disease, the control of the équarissage S, the imports/exports of suidés alive and their meat (of which of pig fresh and treated for conservation).
L' GOOSE recommends the systematic Forty suidés before integration to a troop, as well as the hygiene of the places of breeding, the effective sterilization of the food waste distributed to the pigs or the prohibition of this practice.

Prophylactic measurements:

Demolition of suidés touched in the breedings, with correct elimination of the carcasses, litters, etc
Identification of the infected zone, complete disinfection and control of the displacement of suidés at the risk
retrospective epidemiologic Research and thorough futurology (=> gone up being studied the sources upstream and of the possible contaminations downstream
Monitoring of the infected zone and the surrounding area

Legal aspects/Responsibility

This disease being able to cause loss of revenue serious for the stockbreeders, it is the subject of an attentive follow-up and medical measurements of precaution.
L' author of a voluntary introduction of the disease, or which would introduce it owing to lack of observance of the regulation would expose to continuations (cf article 1382 of the Civil code). The genetic analyzes now make it possible to bring evidence of transfer (1 hair of the animal is enough). Microbial stocks can also be genetically traced.

In France, wild boars of the Alsace-Moselle seem regularly contaminated by wild boars reaches swine-fever coming from infectious hearths located mainly in Germany. The disease is circumscribed at some zones where measures are taken by the qualified ONCFS and prefects (beaten administrative aiming at the eradication of wild boars on these sites).

The ONCFS recalls that the disease is also conveyed by contaminated food brought by certain managers of hunting , who take the risk of legal proceedings by the administration, but also by the stockbreeders whose livestock would have shot down being, their insurers, coire by associations of protection of nature or federations of hunters invested of a specific mission with respect to the wildlife, with heavy fines and custodial sentences possible.

Swine-fever, by country, of 1990 with 2000

- 1990: Germany and Belgium.

- 1993: France, 4.000 Pig S shot down.

- 1994: Germany, several tens of thousands of Pig S shot down.

- 1997: Germany, then Netherlands, Belgium, Spain. 12 million Pig S Batavian S shot down.

- 2000: Great Britain, 10.000 animals shot down.

(not updated, to supplement)

See too

External bonds

Card GOOSE

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