Surzur

Surzur is a common French, located in the department of the Morbihan and the area Brittany. Its Breton name is Surzhur, marked

Geography

The commune of Surzur is located between:

the Peninsula of Rhuys in south-west with the commune of Sarzeau;
the River of Pénerf in the south, with the communes of the the Turn-of-Park (south-western), Damgan (South-eastern), of Ambon (Is);
the Gulf of Morbihan with the communes of the West: Saint-Armel, Hézo, Noyalo and Theix;
Finally in the north of the commune the Trinity-Surzur and Lauzach.

History

Prehistory

Discoveries of many axes out of diorite, fibriolithe, jadeite or flint show that several villages (Kerlan, Lambré, Brarun…) of Surzur a few millenia before our era were inhabited, at the time Neolithic era. About thirty stone axes are with the museum of Archeology of Morbihan with Vannes. Bronze axes were also collected in Tregof.

Celts

The Celts, manufacturers of megaliths from Central Europe, have the first occupied the territory of Surzur. Three menhirs, of 5m height are drawn up to 1 km in the North-East of the borough, near the village of Bergard. Two ruined shady walks (known as " rocks with the fées"), of 5 and 6m length, still see themselves in the large coppice of Talhouët, almost on the limit of Ambon. A reversed dolmen and two menhirs are preserved not far from there, at the village of Vinihy.

Romans

The Romans, then come at the time from the conquest from Gaules, traced a certain number of made ways of roadways of granite flagstones, on which the tanks circulated. The Valve-Nantes way was the major axis of the communications in Armorique. The Roman way of Blain with Port-Navallo (known as “Conan way”) tie-beam with Surzur with leaving Arzal, passing close to Bilaire, the mill of " Séjour" beautiful; and of the village of Kergroix. It is on the edge of this old way that a plowman discovered in 1835, near the village Liscorno, a milliary Borne granite of cylindrical, high form approximately one meter. It carries the following Latin inscription: Imp.Caes. - Piavonio - Victorino - Pio Felici - Aug. It is dedicated to the Victorin emperor, who reigned from 268 to 270. This votive terminal is very rare since one counts of it hardly ten in the department. It is visible in the court of the museum of Archeology (Gaillard castle) in Vannes. At the place where the terminal was drawn up one discovered many vestiges of a Roman establishment. In 1864 of the substructions of another station are found at the village of Trégorff.

The Middle Ages

At the 7th century the Breton ones settled and their language speaks itself there still today. Almost all the names of the villages are Breton. After the establishment of Breton, Christianity developed deeply. Because of its territorial importance and its vicinity of Valves, Surzur was very early established in parish (the communes were created only later). As the Romance church and its dedication with Symphorien saint attest as the parish of Surzur is very old. In the beginning it included the Trinity, Noyalo and the priory of Hézo (founded about 1247, depend on the abbey of St Gildas-at-Rhuys and in 1689 annexed to the seminar of Valves).

The parish of Surzur belonged to the temporal stronghold of the bishop and the seneschalsy of Valves. As feudal lord the bishop took the dîme (tax of the time) with the 33e sheaf and half - as a pension - with the local vice-chancellor wearied some who himself enjoyed moreover " casuel" (benefit), of the presbytery and beautiful and vast a pourpris (a wood, parts of water and one flees). This mode lasted until the Revolution.

To serve this vast territory, in addition to the parish church and the Notre-Dame vault, with the borough, there were several vaults and of the domestic oratories (including that of the manor the Perennial ones). A score of small seigniories were dispersed in the parish, of which the current manor the Perennial ones.

After the Revolution

In 1790, after the Revolution, Surzur was set up in commune, and even in chief town of canton of the district of Valves, and had in its district: the Trinity, Hézo, Noyalo, Theix and Ambon.

After the Legal settlement of 1801 Surzur its title of chief town of canton lost, to become one of the six parishes of the rural deanery of Valve-Is. Hézo, the Trinity, Theix and Ambon become autonomous communes.

In 1802 the parish of Surzur lost Hézo, Noyalo and the Trinity. In 1825 the vice-chancellor François Fardel (in exile in Spain during the Revolution) builds the current presbytery.

20th century

In 1996, the town hall of Surzur was the object of an attempt at attack, with parcel bomb addressed to the mayor by the organization “Askell Groc' hen”, undoubtedly near to Breton revolutionary Armée.

Economy

the saving in Surzur is traditionally agricultural and Ostréicole (because of Rivière of Pénerf), one counts 12&thinsp thus; % of profession agricultural in Surzur.
construction and industry represents 24 % of employment.
the tertiary sector which is the largest provider of employment in Surzur with approximately 60 % of the credits, because of proximity of Valves but also of tourism (tradesmen, hotel trade, rooms of hosts, employees…).

Administration

Demography

Places and monuments

the milliary terminal (3rd century), discovered with " Liscorno" and dedicated to the Victorin emperor who reigned from 268 to 270. It carries the inscription Imp. Caes Piavonio Victorino Pio. Felici Aug. .
It was discovered in Trégof (or Trégorff) of the bronze axes, and in Surzur of the axes out of diorite, flint of the Neolithic time.

the church Saint-Symphorien (- 12th century), altered at the 16th century (sacristy), 19th century (windows, doors, platforms and skirting) and at the 20th century. It is in the shape of Latin cross. It includes/understands a nave of four spans with sides, a transept and a chorus with flat bedside flanked of a vault in the south. The nave and the square of the transept are Romance: the nave communicates with the sides by large arcades in semicircular arch related to cylindrical piles with simple trencher. Above the large arcades are small windows in semicircular arch, the majority stopped. The triumphal arch in semicircular arch is carried by imbedded columns with capitals decorated with stylized foliages, oves and volutes. The chorus and the pilot wheels, remade as of the 16th century, were still improved since. The Southern vault of the chorus presents a beautiful blazing decoration outside. The Western gate, formed of a simple Roman arch between two high flat buttresses, is 12th century. The Romance tower which rose on the square was demolished at the end of the 19th century and was replaced by a large bell-tower of Romance style which rises on a porch at the southernmost entry of the Southern brace. The bell-tower, due to the architect vannetais Caubert de Cléry, goes back to 1904-1905. The retable of the bedside, works of Denmat de Locminé, goes back to 1751: one sees there holy Symphorien, holy Isidore and the Virgin in the central niche. The table representing the Virgin of the Harvests and located in the side chapel of the Rosary (closed by a grid since 1821), is the work of Xavier de Langlais and date of 1937 (the old table gone back to 1932).

the vault Holy-Anne-Grappon (15th century), located at the locality " Cosquer" and rebuilt in 1690. This vault is quoted as of the 15th century. Rebuilt in 1690, it is then increased sacristy and of a Vault in north. The retable-skirting dates from the 19th century. The central retable is dominated by holy Anne and her daughter. A large table, gone back to 1698 and signed P. Besnard, gathers all the family of Jesus. The fountain of Holy-Anne-Grappon dates from the 18th century. This vault gives place to the Pardon of Holy Anne Grappon every year Sunday preceding on July 26th.
the vault Our-Lady-with-Recouvrance (- 16th century), built with the borough of Surzur and restored in 1742,1890-1891 and 1937 with its Western gate and its Gothic decoration.
the vault Grey waxbill built at the 17th century, it is located close to the place known as " Brarun". Its frontage is bored of a door in semicircular arch, dating from the 17th century, and surmounted by a stone pinnacle. The windows evoke the Gothic time (use of elements of the 15th century). The vault shelters the statues of holy Helene, the Virgin, holy Marguerite, holy Therese and holy Mathurin.
the vault Saint-Marc (- 18th century), located at the village of Trémoyec. The pinnacle dates from the 19th century.

Personalities related to the commune

See too

Common of Morbihan

External bonds

the site of the commune of Surzur in Morbihan
Surzur on the site of the national geographical Institute
Surzur on the site of INSEE
Surzur on the site of Quid
Localization of Surzur on a chart of France and communes bordering
Plane on Surzur on Mapquest
Profile of the commune of Surzur
Echoes of Surzur (blog)

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