Surtsey

See also: Marsan (homonymy)

Mount-with-Marsan (in Gascon Lo Moun/Lo Mont of Marsan ) is a average city French, prefecture of the Landes, one of the five departments which form the area Aquitaine. Its inhabitants is called the Montois .

Agglomeration of Mount-of-Marsan account also the commune of Saint-Pierre-of-Mount (7518 inhabitants in 1999).

Geography

Mount-of-Marsan is located in limit of the Forêt of the Moors, near the agricultural area of the Chalosse. It is the principal city of the Pays of Marsan, constitutive of the Petites Moors. Called “the City with the Three Rivers”, it is established with the confluence of two rivers, the Twelve and the Midou, which meet in full downtown area to form a third of it: the Midouze, an affluent of the Adour.

History

See also: History of the Moors (department)

Prehistory

Excavations revealed that the zone located between the two rivers had been occupied in an intermittent way since the Paléolithique. The prehistoric vestiges discovered attest presence of a group undoubtedly important farmers Neolithic S. One also concerned testimonys of the times pre-Roman and Gallo-Roman as well as vestiges of the Bas-Empire and Top Moyen-âge.

Foundation and the Middle Ages

The official foundation of the city goes up with 1133. It is due to Pierre de Lobaner, Viscount of Marsan, the Tursan and the Gabardan, which decides to establish a Castelnau in the parish of Saint Pierre-of-Mount. This parish is a Prieuré founded by powerful the Abbaye of Saint-Sever, on which it depends as well spiritually as temporally. The new city will borrow from the monastery part of its name.

Pierre de Lobaner chooses, for the construction of his fortress, the spur delimited by the junction of two rivers, the Twelve and Midou, in order to control the passage of it and to benefit from tolls, thus ensuring of substantial incomes his Vicomté. He also establishes a village strengthened on this territory. A port is further established, on left bank of Midouze. He experienced a fast development thanks to the strategic position of the city in extreme cases of the High Moor, the Chalosse and the Armagnac, between Bayonne and Toulouse, Pau and Bordeaux. The city thus took as of the 13th century a double character: port and castelnau.

A new district developed around the port. This last, where the convent of the Cordeliers in 1260 settled, was also surrounded to him by bored walls of doors giving access to the roads of Aire-sur-l'Adour, Saint-Sever and Tartas. The borough developed along the three axes and in two centuries a true city had been born.

Following the marriage of Aliénor of Aquitaine with Henri Plantagenêt, become Henri II of England in 1154, the city passed under the English domination during nearly three centuries, until in 1441. The population found refuge behind the walls of the city during the disorders related to the Guerre One hundred Year old, while country houses in the surroundings rose.

Important shopping mall, the city ran out towards Bayonne the products of the back-country (cereals and wines of Armagnac in particular) during all the Moyen-âge and the Ancien Mode. The development of the river traffic ensured the prosperity of the Batelier S, organized as a brotherhood. Navigation was made on Barque S flat-bottomed, called locally “Galupes” (or “Gabare S” in other areas). The city was in quasi constant competition with the other commercial cities, in particular Dax.

Wars of religion

Starting from 1517, Marsan is attached to the vast domain of the family of Albret, which reigned then on the Navarre. Possession of Jeanne d' Albret, then of his/her son Henri IV, Mount-of-Marsan was completely committed in the armed conflicts which, starting from 1560, oppose in Gascogne catholic and reformed, and transforms into Fortified town. Passing to several times at the hands of the catholics then Protestants, the suburbs of the city were destroyed as well as the convent of the Clarisses, located since the 13th century close to the door of Roquefort.

Charles IX passes in the city at the time of royal sound Tour de France (1564 - 1566) in June 1565, accompanied by the Cour and Large by the kingdom: his/her brother the duke of Anjou, Henri de Navarre, cardinal of Bourbon and Lorraine.

Rebirth with the Revolution

The Wars of religion completed, the military ornament of the city being from now on useless, Louis XIII ordered in 1622 the demolition of the Château of Nolibos, built in 1344 by Gaston Phébus (Viscount of Marsan) in order to reinforce defenses of the city. Only remain today a wall side and a strong house, called “Donjon Lacataye”, old observation post. In 1777 was granted the authorization to demolish the doors of the city, and in 1810, one cut down the remainders of the old castle. All this work resulted in to air the accesses and to facilitate the crossing of the city.

In 1653, Mount-of-Marsan rebelled, lining up side of the Fronde.

The blazon of the city goes back to 1698. It figure two money keys on bottom of azure.

From 1789 to 1945

During the French revolution, Mount-of-Marsan was famous Mount-Marat (see: Name of the French cities under the Revolution).

The March 4th 1790 was created the department of the Landes according to a relatively arbitrary cutting including heterogeneous areas ( to read Leitartikel: Territories and country of the Moors ). The February 15th 1790, a decree of the Constituante made of Mount-of-Marsan the chief town of this department, with the detriment of Dax.

After 1860 and the establishment of the Forest of the Moors, the linked activities with wood were added to those of the port. Rich person traders settled and made build several private mansions on what is the place of the Trade today. But at the beginning of the 20th century this activity slows down then disappeared completely.

During the 19th century, the city changed completely while being stripped of its aspect of strong city. The administrative needs caused there the construction of the prefecture, the court, the prisons. One built the church of the Madeleine in 1830 (neo-classic architecture), one remade the bridges and one began the opening of the boulevards. The city profited from the development of the highway network and the opening of railways.

In 1866, the annexation of the communes of Saint-Jean-of August-and-Nonères, Saint M3edard's Day and of part of the territory of Saint-Pierre-of-Mount increased the surface of the city considerably. The same year was inaugurated the college Victor Duruy.

Under the direction of the mayor Jean Larrieu, pre-war period the first houses of the hospital, the school complexes were carried out, the enlarging of the arenas (built in 1889).

The city, cut into two by the Line of demarcation at the time of the Second world war, was released from the German occupation the August 21st 1944.

Nowadays

In 1946, settled the Center of military air experiments (air base 118), giving a new rise to the Mons city. The population increased quickly, which allowed the construction of shopping malls. Lastly, the agro-alimentary sector is paramount today (Foie gras, Maïs) with companies such as Delpeyrat and Maïsadour.

A policy of urbanization to horizontal due to the will of the mayor Charles Lamarque-Cando, founder of the Landais Beavers, modified considerably the aspect of the city starting from 1962, making unceasingly move back the limits of the forest of pines to the profit of new districts. A vast easy residential unit extends on the part Is agglomeration, which does not cease nibbling new grounds because of Rurbanisation.

The downtown area suffers as for him from depopulation, the popular quarters of Peyrouat and of Fabres remain relatively underprivileged. The improvement of town and country planning (better fluidity of circulation, opening-up of certain zones) is one of the headlights projects of the Communauté of agglomeration of Marsan.

The population of the surrounding communes is almost entirely dependant on Mount-of-Marsan. SME in the sector of the building cause added-value. However tourism ( To read Leitartikel: Tourism in the Moors ) and the advanced technology industries remains in withdrawal. The construction project of a prison from here the end of 2008 should create 1000 jobs, and the passage envisaged of the Autoroute Langon-Pau (A65) should from here a few years instigate the city and develop new activities.

Administration

Demography

the way of Saint-Jacob

Mount-of-Marsan is a stage on the historical road which starts from Vézelay towards Saint-Jacob de Compostelle (Via Lemovicensis). The pilgrims entered the city by crossing a bridge whose pile is still visible with the level of the park Jean Rameau. They then had the choice between moving towards the vault of the Prieuré Benedictine (depend on the Abbaye of Saint-Sever, on the current site of the church of the Madeleine) and finding refuge in the hospitals of the convent of the Clarisses or the Cordeliers (disappeared today). They went up then the current street Gambetta towards the place Jean Jaurès (Sablar), left the city by the door of Saint-Sever (destroyed in 1777) and joined the Abbey while passing by Saint Pierre-of-Mount and Benquet.

Economy

  • Mount-of-Marsan is the seat of the Chamber of commerce and industry of the Moors.

Higher education

  • University of Pau and the Countries of Adour: the site of Mount-of-Marsan accommodates 300 students in a UFR of right and a IUT (IUT of the Countries of Adour)
  • IUFM
  • University of Wood
  • Math sup to the College Victor Duruy

Personalities

  • Catherine de Navarre, born in 1468, died in 1517 with Mount-of-Marsan, was queen of Navarre (1483-1517).
  • Marguerite de Navarre: queen of Navarre (1492 - 1549), sister of François Ier, mother of Jeanne d' Albret, which will be the mother of Henri IV. To extend the Navarre, it deals with reinforcing defenses of Mount-of-Marsan, entered the field of the family of her husband in 1517. After her withdrawal of the businesses, Marguerite makes of Mount-of-Marsan her meditation and place of retreat.
  • Pierre Joseph François Thicket (1810-1861), marshal of Napoleon III (1856).
  • Charles Despiau (1874 - 1946), sculptor.
  • Robert Wlérick (1882 - 1944), sculptor.
  • Renee Darriet: born with Mount-of-Marsan in 1911, it engages in Resistance as of 1942 with his/her young brother. It is stopped the same year, interned at the height ha in Bordeaux, then off-set with the camp of Ravensbrück. It will be released in April 1945. She always lives with Mount-of-Marsan.
  • Vice-admiral Jean-Georges Gayral -1898/1963- Commander-in-chief of the free French naval forces
  • Alain Juppe, born in 1945, politician, old Prime Minister and mayor of Bordeaux.
  • Joel Beat, born in 1957, professional ex-footballer
  • Jean Van de Velde, born in 1966, professional golfor
  • Thomas Castaignède, born in 1975, rugby player.
  • Georges Lepeintre, contemporary artist.
  • Robert Soldeville, Alguazil.
  • Alain Vidalies, lawyer and appointed PS
  • Monique Pantel, critic film
  • Arnaud Binard, actor, saw there (Alice Nevers, the judge is a woman, Mystère)

Tourist monuments and places

  • In the district along Midou:
    • Keep Lacataye, which shelters the museum Despiau-Wlérick (figurative Sculpture of the years 1930).
    • Romance Houses
    • Town hall
    • Church of the Madeleine (1830)
  • Many sculptures exposed in the streets of the downtown area, in particular in the Mall Gambetta.
  • Arenas of Plumaçon, built between 1880 and 1889 after the destruction by the fire of the arenas of the place Saint-Roch (bullfights at the time of the festivals of the Madeleine in July)
  • Church of Saint M3edard's Day, Romance building of the end of the 11th century, restored with 17th. It comprises, with the entry, a very beautiful door out of carved wooden. The porch shelters a statue of Saint Antoine of the 18th century.

Army

Music

  • Mount-with-Marsan account a Conservatory with departmental radiation

  • the Mons Orchestra: placed under the rod of Michel Cloup since 1987, it is the official orchestra of the city and the arenas of Plumaçon at the time of the festivals of the Madeleine. The quality of its Hispanic repertory is recognized by all the specialists. That does not prevent the orchestra from proposing very varied repertories (film music, waltz, classical music orchestrated for harmony, concertos, etc).

  • Among the groups of Mons music:

  • on Saturday, August 21 1976, of midday at three o'clock in the morning, was held during two days the first European festival of the movement Punk with the arenas of Mount-of-Marsan, organized by Marc Zermati directing of the label Skydog Records. With the poster: Eddie and the Hot Rods (England), Ducks de Luxe, Brinsley Schwartz, Kursaat Flyers, Doctor Feelgood, Pink Fairies, Tyla Gang, Roogalator (England), The Gorillas (Scotland), Railroad (Swiss), The Damned, Passion Forces, Little Bob Story (Le Havre), Bijou, It Biarritz and Kalfon Roc Hot. This first grinding of the festival will gather nearly 600 to 700 people.

  • the August 5th and 06th 1977, was held the second festival Punk of Mount-of-Marsan, in particular presenting the groups Little Bob Story, The Damned, Bijou, The Clash (one 33 turns pirates besides was recorded for the occasion), The Police, Rings, Maniacs, Lou' S, Shakin' Street, Marie and the Boys, Tyla Gang, Boys, Hot Rods, Doctor Feelgood and Asphalt Jungle (taken along by Patrick Eudeline). One will be able to also note the passage of Lou Reed, the shortly after the punk festival. With final, the festival of 1977 did not count less than 4000 spectators and it was the subject of a documentary film by Jean-François Roux named Hot Cuts From Mount-with-Marsan .

Events

  • Festival of Art Flamenco (second week of July)
  • Festivals of the Madeleine (first Saturday as from the July 14th: Feria)
  • the theater built by Carlos Ott in 1993 accommodates cultural events all the year.
  • Mount-of-Marsan gained the final of Intervilles into 1998,2006 and 2007
  • Mount-of-Marsan accommodates from July 8th to 12th 2008 the World Meetings of Free software (RMLL)

Cinema

Sport

Twinnings

See too

External bonds

  • Official site of the city of Mount-to-Marsan
  • Urban transport with Mount-of-Marsan
  • Ways of Saint-Jacob in Aquitaine
  • Ways of Saint-Jacob in the Common Moors
  • and communities of communes of the Moors
  • festivals of the Madeleine
  • Mount-of-Marsan on the site of INSEE
  • Mons Orchestra

Random links:1658 | Wang Guowei | The Quay of the fogs | Endosperme | Visual J Sharp | Edgar Payne | Surtsey