Summit of the Earth

The tops of the Earth are meetings between leaders Mondiaux taking place every ten years. They constitute an occasion to consider the state of the environment of planet, and to define the means of stimulating the Sustainable development on the level Mondial.

The coming into effect of a International treaty generally takes several years. It is about a complex process, because each country must supplement two stages to adhere to it. The first stage consists in signing the treaty. The second consists in ratifying it formally. The treaty comes into effect only when one sufficient number of countries ratified it (variable number from one treaty to another).

The countries signatories of a treaty organize conferences (once per annum in general), called Conférence of parts (COP). Before each conference a preparatory meeting called is organized SBSTTA (Subsidiary body charged to provide opinions scientific, technical and Technologique S) where the Gouvernement S negotiate the technical details of the treaty. The process is similar for the Summit of the Earth, which comprises conference series preparatory preconditions.

The tops of the Earth present an important stake symbolic system. They are a proof of the development of a culture Mondiale of respect of the ecology, they aim at showing the collective capacity to manage the problems Planétaire S and affirm the need for a growth having to be done in the respect of the Environnement, with the concern of the Santé, the Instruction and the Social justice .

First Summit of the Earth

The Conference of the United Nations on environment (CNUE) took place from June 5th to 16th 1972 with Stockholm (Sweden). It placed for the first time the questions ecological S at the row of international concerns. The participants adopted a declaration of 26 principles and a vast action plan to fight against the Pollution. This top gave rise to the Programme of the United Nations for the environment (PNUE). At the same time, the Club of Rome published a report entitled “Halte with the growth?”.

At that time, the leaders Mondiaux committed themselves meeting every ten years to give a progress report on the state of the Ground.

A delegation of the victims of the Maladie of Minamata was present to present the consequences of industrial pollution.

A Summit of the Earth was taken place with Nairobi (Kenya) from May 10th to 18th 1982. The events of the time (Cold war) and the disinterest of the president of the the United States, Ronald Reagan (which named his/her deputy daughter of the United States) made of this top a failure. It is not even evoked besides like an official top of the Earth.

Second Summit of the Earth in Rio

This second Summit of the Earth was taken place with Rio de Janeiro 3 at June 14th, 1992, under the aegis of the United Nations. This Conference of the United Nations on the environment and the development (CNUED) is generally regarded as a success: the world priorities changed into ten years, and with the participation of a hundred Heads of State and government, this top remains today the largest gathering of world leaders. More than 1.500 ONG were also represented there.

The Summit of Rio gave the kickoff to an ambitious programme of world fight against the Climate changes, for the protection of biological diversity, or Biodiversité, and the elimination of the dangerous toxic products. It led to the signature of the Declaration of Rio. This declaration, which fixes the lines of action aiming at ensuring a better management of planet, makes progress the concept of the rights and the responsibilities for the countries in the field for the environment. However it is not juridically constraining. On the contrary, she admits the Souveraineté States “to exploit their own resources according to their policy of environment and development”.

The treaties and engagements which were released at the time of this top are:

  • the program “Action 21” which includes/understands approximately 2.500 recommendations - whose majority were never put in practice
  • the Convention on biological diversity
  • Convention-tallies it on the climate changes
  • Convention on the fight against the Désertification, the Declaration on management, the conservation and the Sustainable development of the Forêt S.

The third Summit of the Earth

See also: Summit of the Earth 2002

It was held of the August 26th with the September 4th 2002 with Johannesburg (South Africa) under the aegis of the the United Nations. It is also officially called “World summit on sustainable development” (SMDD). This top constituted an occasion for the whole world to make the assessment and to supplement the program launched at the time of the Summit of Rio; it was centered around the Sustainable development, the next one will be held in 2012.

The meeting of Johannesburg thus aimed at encouraging the State S to reiterate their political commitment in favor of the Sustainable development, like supporting the reinforcement of a Partenariat between North and the South. The event gathered a hundred Heads of State and some 40.000 deputy, which made of it the greatest meeting ever organized by the United Nations.

The top adopted an action plan in 153 articles, broken up into 615 subparagraphs on many subjects: Poverty, Consumption, Natural resources, Globalisation, respect of the Human rights… the priority topics was:

The policy issue of the Summit was also important since it was a question of showing that the war against the Terrorisme is not the single problem current Mondial.

See too

External bonds

  • the conference of Rio 1992
  • sommetjohannesburg.org site on the World summit on Sustainable development with Johannesburg 2002
  • Site of UNO on the top of the ground of Johannesburg - 2002

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