Sultaniya
Sultaniya or Soltaniyeh سلطانيه is a city of the North-West of the Iran located between Tabriz and Teheran. It was founded in 1304 like new capital by the ilkhan of Perse Oldjaïtou, which built its mausoleum there.
In the beginning, this mausoleum had been built by Oldjaïtou to bring back there the bodies of the Imam Husayn which was buried with Karbala and of that of Ali, buried with Nadjaf. He wanted to thus prove his power following his conversion with Islam. However, in front of the opposition which it met on behalf of the Uléma S about this project; it made monument its own mausoleum.
Oulough Beg, the prince Astronomer of Samarkand, grandson of Tamerlan, was born to with it in 1394.
The principal one of the ruins of Soltaniyeh is the mausoleum of It-Khan Oldjaïtou, known under the name of Dôme of Soltaniyeh . The structure, set up between 1302 and 1312, has one of the oldest domes with double hull of the world. Its importance in the Muslim world could be compared with that of the cupola of Brunelleschi in Christian architecture. The dome of Soltaniyeh opened the way for Moslem constructions in more daring cupola, such as for example the Mausolée of Khoja Ahmed Yasavi and the Taj Mahal. The majority of external decoration were lost, but the interior kept its superb mosaic S, Faïence S and murals.
The dome of a weight estimated at 200 T rises to 49 m of its base and is currently undergoing a restoration aiming at preserving it. In 2005, UNESCO recognized Soltaniyeh like one of the sites belonging to the World heritage.
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