Sultanate of Delhi

Dynasties

The denomination of sultanate of Delhi refers to the various dynasties which reigned in India of 1210 with 1526. Several turco-Afghan dynasties indeed reigned since Delhi: the Dynasty of the slaves or dynasty of Muizzî (1206 - 1290), the Dynasty of Khaljî (1290 - 1320), the Dynasty of Tughlûq (1320 - 1413), the Dynasty of Sayyîd (1414 - 1451), and the Lodî (1451 - 1526). Certain authors however reserve this denomination with the only dynasty of the slaves.

During the last third of the 12th century, Muhammad Ghûrî invades the indo-gangetic flat , making the conquest of Ghaznî, of Multân, the Sind, Lâhore and Delhi. Qûtb ud-DIN Aibak, one of its generals, sold like slave during his childhood, proclaims sultan of Delhi in 1206 and establishes the first dynasty of the sultanate of Delhi, the dynasty of the slaves. The territory under the control of the Moslems of Delhi increases quickly and about the middle of the century, they put the hand on the Bengal and most of central India. Îltutmish (1211 - 1236) and Balbân (1266 - 1287) is the most known sultans of this dynasty. Confronted with the revolts of the conquered territories and rival families, the dynasty of the slaves dies out in 1290.

The Moslems extend then their capacity in southernmost India, only resists the Hindu kingdom of Vijayanâgara which ends up falling in 1565. Some kingdoms remain independent of Delhi in the Dekkan and with the Goujerat, the Mâlvâ and Bengal, all that constitutes current the Pakistan is subjected to Delhi.

The sultans of Delhi maintain the cordial relations, although surface, with the Moslem leaders of the the Middle East but they do not concede any allegiance to them. They base their legislation on the Coran and the Charia and make it possible on their subjects not-Moslems to practice their religion on the condition of paying the Jizya.

The greatest contribution of the sultanate of Delhi east to have perhaps protected at least temporarily the Indian sub-continent from devastations of the Mongolian invader during the 13th century. The sultanate however knows the setting with bag of its capital by Tamerlan in 1398 before the establishment of Lodî which will fall however in front of the Moghols to the First battle from Pânipat.

Chronology

1192 : Muhammad Ghûrî demolishes Prithiviraj III and seizes Delhi.
1194 : Construction of the Qutb Minar with Delhi.
1197 : The monastery of Nalanda, important center of Buddhist studies, is destroyed by the Moslems.
1206 : Qutb ud-DIN Aibak declares Sultan of Delhi and founds the Dynastie of the slaves with died of Muhammad.
1221 : Mongolian invasion under Gengis Khan.
1288 : Marco Polo visit India during its return voyage.
1290 : Jalâl ud-DIN Fîrûz Khaljî founds, in Delhi, the Dynastie of Khaljî which succeeds the dynasty of the slaves.
1320 : Ghiyâs ud-DIN Tughlûq founds, in Delhi, the Dynastie of Tughlûq which succeeds the dynasty of Khalji.
1325 : Beginning of the reign of Muhammad bin-Tughlûq. (end in 1351)
1336: Foundation of the Kingdom of Vijayanâgara in the Dekkan, the last large Hindu kingdom. (end in 1565)
1347: The dynasty of Bahmanî reaches the capacity in Dekkan.
1350 : The Moroccan traveller Ibn Battuta visit India.
1356 : The caliph of Baghdad gives India to Fîrûz Shâh Tughlûq.
1398 : Tamerlan invades India.
1399 : Tamerlan seizes Delhi and plunders it.
1403 : The Goujerat is made independent.
1411 : Ahmad Shâh founds his dynasty with Ahmedabad in Goujerat.
1422 : The Royaume of Vijayanâgara beats Bahmani.
1430 : The Goujerat beats the Bahmanî.
1436 : Goujerat annexes the Mâlvâ.
1440 : Birth of the poet Kabîr. (end in 1518) according to certain traditions
1451: The Afghan dynasty of Lodî is founded in Delhi. (end in 1526)
1469: Birth of the Nanak guru, founder of the religion sikh (fine in 1539)
1470: The Bahmanî beat the Royaume of Vijayanâgara and seize Goa.
1485 : With Vijayanagar, Sangama are replaced by Saluva.
1486 : The Cachemire becomes Musulman.
1489 : Foundation of the dynasty of the Adîl Shâhî with Bîjâpur. (end in 1690)
1490: Foundation of the dynasty of the Nizam Shâhî with Ahmednagar. (end in 1628)
1493: Beginning of the dynasty of Husain Shah with the Bengal
1498: Vasco de Gama is with Calicut.
1498 : Husain Shah invades the Assam.
1500 : The Sikhisme is spread with the Bengal.
1500 : The Portuguese, ordered by Francisco de Almeida, destroy with Diu a fleet indo-Egyptian woman.
1510 : The Portuguese seize Goa to replace Cochin like general headquarter.
1518 : Foundation of the dynasty of the Qutb Shâhî with Golkonda. (end in 1687)
1520: Vijayanagar demolishes the Bahmanî which explode in several sultanates, known as Sultanats of Dekkan.
1524 : Bâbur takes Lâhore.

Sultans of Delhi, 1206 - 1526

Dynasty of the slaves (1206-1290)

Qutb ud-DIN Aibak (1206-1210)
Âram Shâh (1210-1211)
Shams ud-DIN Îltutmish (1211-1236)
Rukn ud-DIN Fîrûz Shâh (1236)
Jalâlat ud-DIN Raziyâ (1236-1240)
Muizz ud-DIN Bahrâm Shâh (1240-1242)
Alâ ud-DIN Masûd Shâh (1242-1246)
Nâsir ud-DIN Mahmûd (1246-1266)
Balbân (1266-1287)
Muizz ud-DIN Kaiqûbâd (1287-1290)

Dynasty of Khaljî (1290-1320)

Jalâl ud-DIN Fîrûz Khaljî (1290-1294)
Alâ ud-DIN Khaljî (1294-1316)
Qutb ud-DIN Mubârak Shâh (1316-1320)
Nâsir ud-DIN Khusrû Shâh (1320)

Dynasty of Tughlûq (1321-1398)

Ghiyâs ud-DIN Tughlûq Ier (1321-1325)
Muhammad bin-Tughlûq (1325-1351)
Fîrûz Shâh Tughlûq (1351-1388)
Ghiyâs ud-DIN II Tughlûq (1388-1389)
Abû Bakr Tughlûq (1389-1390)
Muhammad III Tughlûq (1390-1392)
Sikandâr Ier (1392)
Mahmûd II (1392-1394) then (1399-1412)
Nusrat Shâh in Fîrûzâbâd

Dynasty of Sayyîd (1414-1451)

Khizr Khân Sayyîd (1414-1421)
Mubârak Shâh (1421-1434)
Muhammad Shâh (1434-1445)
Alâ ud-DIN Âlam shâh (1445-1451)

Dynasty of Lodî (1451-1526)

Buhlûl Lodî (1451-1489)
Sikandâr Lodî (1489-1517)
Ibrâhîm Lodî (1517-1526)

Bonds

Chronology

Simple: Delhi Sultanate

Random links: