Subtraction

The subtraction is one of the basic operations of the Arithmétique. The subtraction combines two or several sizes of the same type, called operands , to give only one number, called the difference .

Soustraire means to decrease while counting.
Soustraire B of has (to calculate has − b) is to find the number which would supplement B to give has, i.e. the number D such as B + D = has
The sign of subtraction is the symbol “−”. For example: one reads 3 − 2 = 1 as “three minus two do one”.

General standard

That is to say ( G , +) a additive group. One defines a news Law of composition interns in G , called   “subtraction” and noted   “”   by   :

  • X there = X + (- there )
The subtraction is anticommutative .

Particular case of the numbers

Here we work in ( \ mathbb Z, +),   the additive group of the relative integers .

Formally, the subtraction is a law of composition interns on a unit, noted - in condition however that the subtraction is always defined (what is not, for example, the case in the whole of the natural entireties \ mathbb N). This internal law of composition (when it exists) is however not very interesting because

  • it is not commutative. Indeed has − B and B − has are in general different
  • it is not associative. Indeed (− b) − C has and has − (B − c) are in general different
  • it does not have a neutral element. Indeed, the only possible neutral element would be 0 and one has well
has − 0 = has, but in general
0 − has is different from A.

This is why one prefers to consider a subtraction as the addition (nap) of opposed to condition obviously that this opposite exists (it is not always the case in \ mathbb N).

the opposite of has is the number noted (−a) which, added to has, gives 0: + (−a) has = 0
has − B can then be written has + (−b)

When it is applied to a series as in Algorithmique it is a decrement .

See also: tax Subtraction

Simple: Subtraction

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