Substance P

The Substance P is a Neuropeptide, i.e. a Polypeptide having functions of Neurotransmetteur and Neuromodulateur. It belongs to the class of the Tachykinine S, class gathering several peptide S having jointly an identical sequence in their final Carbone area.
Elle sets on receiving S endogenous specific: receivers NK1.

It is a polypeptide made up of 11 amino-acid (undécapeptide) whose sequence is the following one: ] - Pro - Lily - Pro - Lime - Lime - Phe - Phe - Gly - Leu - Met ].
It is the first neuropeptide has to be purified in a pulverulent state (from where " P" for " powder " - powder in English) in 1931 by Von Euler and Gaddum.

Actions

In the central Nervous system, the Substance P is associated with the regulation of the disorders of mood, of the Anxiété, the rate of respiration, the nausea S and the Douleur.

The centers of the Vomiting, located in the cerebral Trunk, contain strong concentrations of Substance P and its receivers, in addition to other neuro-transmitters like the Choline, the Histamine, the Dopamine, the Sérotonine. Their activation stimulates the reflex of vomiting.
Un antiemetic, Antagonistic of the receivers NK1 of the substance P, (Name international non-proprietary: aprépitant ) is marketed in the prevention of the nausea S Vomissement S due to a Chimiothérapie émétisante.

In the event of painful stimulus, the substance P is released by the terminations of noxious fibers and will set on receiving S specific; what will activate neurons on the level of the posterior horn of marrow.

It is powerful a Vasodilatateur which can induce a release of Bradykinine, of Histamine and Sérotonine.

The recent research carried out with the Canada showed that the inactivation of producing neurons of substance P induces a disappearance of the cases of Diabète of the type I in mice which are predisposed there. The same researchers discovered as, paradoxically, the injection of substance P to the pancreatic cell S producing of Insuline (the cells β of the small islands of Langerhans) attacked by the immunizing cells caused the stop of the auto-immune reaction.

It was shown that the Substance P could stimulate the cell multiplication in the culture of cell and that it could help with the cicatrization of Ulcère S " traînants" among certain patients.

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