Structure Christian

The Christian architecture indicates the architecture of the places of worship in the Christian religion.

5th with

The denominations of the architecture of this time are variable. One speaks about art préroman, Carolingian Art, or ottonien, according to the times and the geographical areas.

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The first religious buildings are Baptistère S:

Ravenne,
Baptistry Midsummer's Day in Poitiers,
Baptistry Midsummer's Day in Florence.

Under Charlemagne, the construction of the churches accelerates, under the effect of christianization. Byzance influences much the Carolingian Art, and one often finds buildings in basilical plan, like some buildings in octagonal plan.

On approximately eighty churches built in the Carolingian Empire, very little remains today, because the majority of the buildings were destroyed during the great phase of urbanization of to make place at vaster buildings. When there remain vestiges, they are often only Crypte S (Auxerre).

Among the church S which remain, one will note especially the palatine vault of Aachen, built towards 790 - 800 to be the vault of the palate of Charlemagne, and the small church of Germigny-of-Meadows, very near to the Abbaye of Fleury (today the Saint-Benoit-on-Loire).

The abbey one of Ottmarsheim, which adopts the octagonal plan of the Carolingian churches, in fact was built in the neighborhoods of the An millet. It is a transition towards the novel.

Structure of 11th at the 13th century

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The style préroman is born in Italy, and develops in the south of France. The basilical plan spreads, whereas the octagonal plan of the Carolingian period disappears almost completely.

Remarkable monuments: Pisa

The first buildings which appear in France are built as from years 950-1000, mainly in Burgundy (Cluny, then Tournus, Saint-Benign in Dijon (only the crypt subist), Chapaize, works of the architect lombard Guillaume de Volpiano.

Out of Champagne Basilica Saint Remi with Rheims, church of Montier-in-DER, innumerable Romance churches around Paris, and between Paris, Rheims and Laon.

Abbaye S appear along the roads of pilgrimage: Conches, Sénanque, Fontfroide, Moissac, Thoronet, holy Benoit on the Loire, the Nozzle Hellouin, the holy Mount Michel, Vézelay…

Romance cathedrals in the South of France.

The cistercians abbeys adopt a style which is neither Romance, nor Gothic, much more stripped than the Romance abbeys, as the founders of the orde cistercian wished it, in reaction to Cluny; they do not have carved decoration. Fontenay, Cîteaux, Noirlac…

The construction of the Cathédrale S Gothics accompanies the vast movement by urbanization of the 12th century, especially in Ile-de-France, where the clearings make it possible to increase the agricultural production which feeds the cities.

The first art " gothique" (this term was invented at the 19th century) appears starting from the construction of the Basilique Saint-Denis (1137) (Abbé Suger). The Gothic cathedrals are built on the principle of the Théologie of the light (Denys Aréopagite, disciple of holy Paul). The Vitraux make their appearance. After Saint-Denis, first cathedrals in style " gothique" are Noyon about 1160, the cathedral of Direction (about 1160? , archbishop's palace before Paris), Notre-Dame de Paris, Laon.

The Cathédrale Notre-Dame of Rheims is remarkable for its Scupture S. The Notre-Dame Cathedral of Chartres and the cathedral Saint-Etienne of Bourges are remarkable for their Vitraux. Each bishop competes to build a Cathédrale which will be vaster than the preceding one (Amiens, Beauvais…).

Structure of the Rebirth

This time is marked by the Réforme, so that one observes styles very different according to the currents from Christianity.

In Catholicism, one sees appearing the style says “sulpician” to the 16th century. In answer to the Reform, the Concile of Thirty decides to give up the Jubé S.

The Protestant temples are stripped.

Structure of 18th with

Persistence of the style sulpician (church Saint-Paul Saint-Louis, church Saint-Thomas d' Aquin).

Churches of style baroque in Italy and Germany.

Persistence of the Gothic style (completion of the Cathedral of Cologne, Holy-Clotilde in Paris).

Structure starting from the medium of

August 1st

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