Streptomyces
The streptomycètes are one ( Streptomyces ) of Actinobacteria . The kind Streptomyces was created by Selman Abraham Waksman (1888-1973) and Arthur Trautwein Henrici (1889-1943) in 1943. They are with Gram-positive S, have high contents GC (up to 72,9%, the most known rate of alive) and are especially in the ground. The majority of the streptomycètes produce Spore S.
The first complete Genome of a species of Streptomyces , that of Streptomyces coelicolor , was published in 2002. It contains a number of Gène S very high for a Bactérie (7825 Gène S predicted coding of proteins). Thereafter, others Génome S of Streptomyces were sequences and published: that of Streptomyces avermitilis and that of Streptomyces ambofacians (partially sequence).
Certain species such as Streptomyces ambofacians , species used in industry for the production of Spiramycine (an Antibiotic ) carry a linear Chromosome and not circular like that of the model bacteria of laboratories.
The Streptomyces are characterized by a secondary metabolism complex. They produce many compounds of pharmaceutical interest (antibiotic, antitumor) or agricultural (Herbicide S, growth factors).
The Streptomyces do not seem to be pathogenic bacteria. The rare known cases of pathogenicity are either related to mobile genetic elements acquired recently in the environment, or consist only of correlations (thus a Streptomyces it was isolated from a patient deceased of the Maladie of Crohn without the cause and effect link was not established).
In May 2005, the laboratories Merck & Co. Inc. announced in the review Nature , the discovery of new a Antibiotique named Platensimycine resulting from the bacterial strain Streptomyces Platensis
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