Stokely Carmichael

Stokely Carmichael (June 29th 1941 - November 15th 1998), so known under the name of Kwame Ture was a militant American black originating in Trinity-and-Tobago, leader of the " Coordination committee of the non-violent students (" Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee " (SNCC)) and of the " Black Panther Party ". It became black Séparatiste and side-Africanist.

Born with Port-in Spain (Trinity-and-Tobago), Carmichael came to New York with its family when it was eleven years old. It went to the Université of Howard and joined the SNCC. Dice its first year at the university it took part in the " Freedom Rides" " Congress off Racial Equality " (CORE) and was stopped then imprisoned. It will thereafter be stopped many other times, by holding more the calculation beyond the 32e arrest.

Carmichael regarded the Non-violence as a tactic and not as a principle what distinguished it from the moderate militants of the civil laws such Martin Luther King. He criticized those which simply called with the Intégration American Blacks in the existing institutions of the white Middle-class. Carmichael considered this orientation unrealistic and insulting for the culture and the identity of the Afro-Americans.

In 1967, Carmichael renonça with the direction of the SNCC. He and Charles V. Hamilton écrirent the book Black Power (1967). It joined then the Black Panther Party and criticized with force the Guerre of Vietnam. It went to the Vietnam North in China and to Cuba. Carmichael became honorary Prime Minister for Black Panthers in 1968.

In 1969, Carmichael and his wife of then, the South-African singer Miriam Makeba moved in Guinea (West Africa), like advising of the president Ahmed Sékou Touré. He wrote in 1971 the book Stokely Speaks: Black Power Back to Side-Africanism which exposes its socialist and side-African vision to which it will remain faithful. In 1978, it chooses to change its name into Kwame Ture in honor with the African leaders Kwame Nkrumah and Ahmed Sékou Touré.

Stokely Carmichael is at the origin of the concept of institutional Racisme . Institutional racism (or structural racism or systemic racism ) is a form of racism met in the public institutions, the companies or the universities. At the end of the years 1960, it defines this term as “the collective incapacity of an organization to get a service appropriate and professional to individuals because of their skin color, their culture or their ethnic origin. ”

Stokely Carmichael died of the Cancer of the prostate at 57 years with Conakry in Guinea.

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