State of the epizooty of avian flu in the African countries touched by the avian flu

• Sunday March 12th 2006, the government announces that a " national brigade of intervention" composed of experts charged " to avoid the propagation of the disease and the contamination humaine" is sent in the affected region. The other ducks of the farm of Maroua were cut down and all the closed poultry markets of the area.

Remark : The virus is judicious very badly to resist heat and radiations. In Maroua on Thursday, March 16 at the end of the morning, it however made 40°C (in the shade!).

• Thursday March 16th 2006: According to the press, it is in the Concession of Haman Tamo (55 year old household head) that the first case of H5N1 was detected; 43 ducks (11 pertaining to Haman Tamou, 14 in Tchang David and 18 in Guedjewé) died in the hearth of Mbalgaré with Maroua. These figures differ from the first official announcements.

• Wednesday March 29th 2006: two weeks after the first located case with Maroua, the Minister for the Breeding, fishing and animal industries confirms a 2nd case of avian flu (tested/confirmed with Padoue in Italy) this time on a dead wild duck found at the edge of the lake Malapé, close to the village of the same name, to 40 km in the west of Garoua, close to the border Nigerian.

• Thursday June 8th 2006: The industrialist Cameronian hatchery operator must prepare Christmas as of June, while ordering in France and with the USA of the chicks which must grow 6 months to give eggs to be brooded. These eggs will be put in hatchery three weeks to produce chicks which one will sell to the stockbreeders who will nourish them 30 to 45 days (table fowls) or 6 months (layers) ". The avicolous complex of Mvog-Betsi announces for example 20.000 chicks of flesh produced per week, of which 15.000 will be sold, against 30 to 35.000 sold per week before the crisis (source: http://fr.allafrica.com/stories/200606080356.html, June 8th, 2006).

Ivory Coast

(7th touched African country):

• Wednesday April 26th 2006: The Ivory Coast becomes the 7th country reached by the virus H5N1 (after Nigeria, Egypt, Cameroun, Burkina Faso, Niger and Sudan).

• Monday May 8th 2006: After having questioned the reality of the presence of the virus, the government estimated that epizooty was circumscribed with the district of Abidjan, without declared human case. During 10 days, the sale of poultries was prohibited in the markets of Marcory and Treichville, where a personnel equipped with masks and white combinations started the disinfection of the cages and where hundreds of family chickens were cut down and incinerated.

• Wednesday May 31st 2006: the country announces the ordering of 12 million amount of animal vaccine at the Franco-American laboratory Merial. The country will be 1st in Africa with launching a large vaccination campaign. The hearths seem still localized around Abidjan. 40 agents of the ministry of the Ivory Coast of the livestock production are in the course of formation to become in their turn trainers on the avian flu.
• Friday June 16th 2006: The National committee of fight against the avian flu received 1925 kits of protection offered by the USA.

(. /.)

• Thursday November 23rd 2006: Two new cases discovered were indicated by the veterinary central laboratory of Bingerville of Lanada. The touched animals are two dead turkeys of traditional breeding on November 9th, 2006, coming from a camping located in the surroundings of the village of Abatta at the edge of the lagoon. The analyzes carried out on these samples made it possible to detect, on November 17th, 2006 a case isolated from avian flu due to virus H5N1 on turkeys.

Djibouti

• Thursday May 11th 2006: 8th country reached by the avian flu .
  Abdallah Abdillahi Miguil, current Ministre for Health announces one 1st human case of H5N1 (a 2 year old young girl), confirmed, detected with Damerjog. It is about Choukri Abdi Ali, a 2 year old young girl hospitalized following symptoms appeared on April 23rd, 2006. Treated with the Tamiflu, it was Saturday the 13th but 2006 in a stable condition according to the Government, although still affected of intermittent pushes of fevers according to the dires of Kamil Issa, its male nurse of guard.
  Ce case was detected and confirmed following a taking away makes on April 27th, 2006.
  Les tests of laboratory was carried out in Egypt by the center of collaboration of WHO of NAMRU III (department of health of the American Navy based in Cairo).
  Le minister initially specified neither its origin nor the place of hospitalization of the young girl.
  Selon the official statements, three hens domestic were also found carrying the virus. The tests of laboratory were carried out by the center of collaboration of WHO, the reference laboratory of NAMRU III in Cairo.

• To date, in Africa, the human ones had been detected sick only in Egypt where the virus made 5 died. The country is located vis-a-vis the Yemen, on the narrowest part of the strait between Red Sea and Golfe of Aden, in the east of the Ethiopia, between the Érythrée and the Somalia. These is a very arid country but which however shelters some important wetlands of which inside, in the center and S-W of the country. The arid climate with very arid, among hardest of the world and the sunning are not famous whole favorable to the H5N1 which however, as in Egypt not only appeared, but touched the human ones. By ex T ° a.c. varied from 26 to 36 °C in the shade in Djibouti on May 15th, 2006.

• Friday May 12th 2006; Three new suspect human cases are announced by WHO in the phratry of the young girl (tests made by the Laboratory of Namru III of Cairo). WHO announces the arrival Sunday in Djibouti of 3 experts, medical device and additional amounts of Tamiflu.

• Saturday May 13rd 2006: the Minister for health called his international partners with the assistance. http://www.lanation.dj/news/2006/ln56/national.htm).
  According to the local press, it does not have there poultry breeding in Djibouti, and Choukri Abdi Ali could be contaminated by one or more of 11 hens of its farmyard, likely to be in contact with water birds resulting from a close zone of conservation of the birds. This sector is located on a corridor of migration of birds, just as the coast of the Yemen which faces him. (Charts of the district: http://www.elec.dj/Cartographie%20Arta.htm)

• Context: The country, independent since 1977 after having been French terrritoire, is regarded by certain as a dictatorship, with a multi-party system controls, dominated by the Party of the Popular assembly for Progress (RP) chaired speaks president Ismaïl Omar Guelleh. The country accommodates also French soldiers and American which brings an medical assistance and veterinary surgeon (MEDCAP/VETCAP/Combined Joint Task Force-Horn off Africa Ex: www.hoa.centcom.mi L. An important governmental censure reigns there according to some observateurs.
  La Loi n°149/AN/02/4ème L bearing on the Guideline Economic and Social of the Republic of Djibouti over the period 2001-2010 envisages " To make safe animal health by the implementation of the national component of the Panafrican Programme of Control of Epizooties (PACE) ".

Egypt

2006

• February 17th 2006: First avian cases discovered in poultries.

• mid- February 2006: First cases known abroad. The government pushes the population to put a term at the domestic small animal breedings on the roofs.

• Saturday February 24th 2006: H5N1 confirmed in 10 governorships. One announces the death of exotic birds in zoos. Gvt announces that the propagation of the influenza is under control after one week of zoonose (1st case on January 17th), but while launching a campaign against the propagation of the H5N1 which prevailed in 13 of the 26 governorships and the town of Luxor, in the south of the country. From February 20th to 23rd 2006, of the new cases had been announced to Giza and in the governorship of Damietta, in 2 communes of an already contaminated zone. 29 people presenting of the symptoms of the avian flu were tested negative with the virus.

• Friday March 17th 2006: First human case ; Up to now Egypt had known only avian cases, with to date eighteen protectorates touched out of the 26 which account country. But this Friday morning an Egyptian woman (Amal Mohammad Ismaïl, 35 years old (30 according to other sources), hospitalized two weeks rather with grippaux symptoms died in the hospital of a H5 virus according to the first tests.

• Saturday March 18th 2006: The television of State and WHO confirm in end according to midday to be informed of the 1st human case located in the country and in Africa (subject to confirmation by the laboratory reference of the WHO of Weybridge).

• Sunday March 19th 2006: Hatem el-Gabali, Ministre for Health announces a second case human tested positive by the American naval Unit of medical research of Cairo; it is about a 28 year old man, Mohammed Bahaaeddin Abdel-Menem of the village of Noqbas, workman avicolous. He was hospitalized Thursday, March 16, 2006 and immediately treated with Tamiflu at the hospital of Banha where he had spontaneously presented himself, in the governorship of Qalyubiya.

• Egypt continues to buy of Tamiflu and should have a stock of 500.000 amounts of it about October 2006,

• Monday March 20th 2006: Mohammed Bahaaeddin Abdel-Menem could leave the hospital in two days according to the doctors.

• Tuesday March 21st 2006: Young a 17 year old Egyptian is carrying virus H5N1 of the avian flu.

• Sunday March 26th 2006: the country announces a fifth probable patient of the H5N1, treated with Tamiflu. Its state does not inspire by concern.

• Monday March 27th 2006: the WHO and the Egyptian Ministry of Health announce a second death human with H5N1 in Egypt. It is about a woman Fatma Mahmoud Youssef Sabra (30 years) lived in the province of Qalyoubia, not far from the village of the preceding victim with 20km in the north of Cairo. Although placed under respiratory assistance, she died in Cairo Monday, March 27 morning after 15 days of hospitalization.

• Friday April 21st 2006: The World Health Organization confirmed 12 cases of avian flu including four mortals. The British laboratory charged to analyze the samples taken on the patients confirmed the presence of virus H5N1.

(. /.)

• Saturday November 11th 2006: Cases of H5N1 in the poultry are announced in the governorship of Al-Menofiya (northern) and with Luxor (southern).

• Monday November 20th 2006: With Alexandria (northern of the country), poultries are still tested positive with the H5N1, they are cut down, with the assistance of the veterinary services and the police force. The population in liaison with poultries was tested. Two people (coming from Cairo and Giza (in the west of Cairo) hospitalized with grippaux symptoms did not carry the H5N1. To date, 7 patients died of H5N1dans this country and the virus was found in 20 of the 26 governorships.
• Friday the 1st er February 2006: A woman and her two children are suspecter to be reached by the H5N1 indicates a medical civil servant. They result from a village of the gouvernat of Suhaj and were hospitalized after having shown the primary symptoms of the disease. Currently, Egypt is the populeux country of the Arab world and is located on an important route for the migratory birds and is the country which holds the highest number of human cases H5N1 after Indonesia and China according to Doctor David Nabarro.
• Sunday December 10th 2006: The virus was propagated in 20 of the 26 governorships of the country. Up to now, seven people died of the virus .
• Thursday December 28th 2006: The Egyptian ministry of health and the population informed WHO that three new deaths human due to the infection with the virus of the avian flu was declared in the Province of Gharbiyah, with 80km in the North-West of Cairo. Those were in contact with sick ducks.

2007

• Thursday January 18th 2007: Virus H5N1 made ten died and eight others human cases were listed since the appearance of the disease in a poultry breeding in February 2006.

• Monday January 22nd 2007: It is a 27 year old woman who died on Friday night of the virus H5N1 carrying to eleven the number of dead people after having contracted this virus, announced Saturday the Egyptian ministry of Health.

• Tuesday February 6th 2007: A 17 year old young girl of origin of Fayoum, in 120 km in the south of Cairo, died of the virus H5N1 Monday, carrying to twelve the number of the death caused by the avian flu, brought back the news agency CARRIED OUT.

• Wednesday February 14th 2007: An Egyptian woman originating in Fayoum was transferred to the hospital from 37 years old Abbasiya has just been recognized positive by WHO like carrying H5N1. She is recognized died officially by WHO on February 16th, 2007.

• Saturday February 17th 2007: A 5 years old boy of the province of Sharqiya is tested positive with the H5N1 after having developed a high fever last Friday. He is in a stable condition and is in the course of treatment using tamiflu.

• at the end of February 2007: the Ministry for Health and the Population announced a new case of human infection by virus H5N1. It is about a 4 year old young girl, Governorship of Dakahlea which is in a stable condition since the beginning of March. It was exposed to its residence with sick birds one week before the appearance of the symptoms.

• Sunday March 11th 2007: 24e human case , it acts of little boy a four years old originating in the Al-Daqhalia governorship. It was in contact with sick hens during the first 3 days of March according to sources official.

• Thursday March 15th 2007: 25e human case declared on standby a confirmation of WHO. A 10 years old girl and resulting from the gouvernat of Aswan in the south of Cairo was hospitalized with symptoms compatible with an influenza and it is placed under tamuflu.

• Monday March 26th 2007: 26e and 27e human cases announced by the Egyptian ministry of Health. These the last two cases conserne a two year old boy and a three year old young girl of the gouvernat of Aswan in the same area of the last case. The children are under Tamiflu.

• Monday April 2nd 2007: The 28e, 29e, 30e, 31e and 32e human cases were detected during the past week.

One counts:

- a four year old young girl originating in Al-Qanater, a city of the north of Cairo.

- a six year old young girl like her four year old brother, originating in the governorship of Qena.

- a seven year old boy, originating governorship of Sohag.

- a four year old young girl, originating governorship of Qalubiea.

On the 32 cases, the majority of the victims of the virus are women and children, in particular because they are generally in liaison with the poultries with the result that their close relations are narrowly followed to avoid a propagation between the family members.

• Thursday April 12th 2007: One counts the 33e and 34e human cases of the avian flu.

• Saturday June 9th 2007: A 10 year old young girl, town of Kenaest (Southern) died of the H5N1 (15th death in this country). She fell sick after having had contacts with infected poultries.

• Tuesday June 12th 2007: A 4 year old young girl, Governorship of Qena fallen sick from the H5N1 on June 7th, hospitalized 10, in a stable condition (at June 13rd). She was in contact with sick birds. (Confirmed by official statement WHO (2007_06_12), the Central Egyptian Public Health Laboratory and NAMRU -3).

• Vendredei July 20th 2007: One counts in Egypt 38 cases including 15 mortals since the beginning of the appearance of the virus after the case of a 25 year old young woman of the governorship of Damietta discovered recently.

Ghana

• Wednesday May 2nd 2007: The Ghanaian Minister for Agriculture, Ernest Debrah, announces the first case of checked virus H5N1 of the avian flu in a poultry breeding close to Tema, a harbor city located at the east of Accra, after a detection on April 24th.

• Wednesday May 22nd 2007: The veterinary services announce and confirm new and second hearth of H5N1, near the preceding hearth, close to Sanyani (Western), in an avicolous small animal breeding of less than 200 poultries.

Niger

• Monday February 27th 2006: A hearth of avian flu is suspecté in Niger, adjoining country of the Nigeria where H5N1 had appeared on February 8th, 2006. H5N1 is detected and will be confirmed in poultries, at Magaria-city, Gallawa Riga and daN Barded, all three located in the department of Magaria, in the area of Zinder. The Italian laboratory referent WHO of Padoue confirmed the H5N1.
  L' information was given Monday to Paris at the time of an International Conference on the avian flu to which the persons in charge of the veterinary services of about fifty country assisted.
• Tuesday February 28th 2006: the GOOSE estimates that 20.000 poultries approximately, several species were touched by the virus February H5N1 HP in the commune of Magaria (area of Zinder) close to the border with the state Nigerian of Kano. The cause could be “the poultry introduction infected coming from Nigeria”. The country which calls with the international assistance country of them announces a vaccination campaign, whereas close Nigeria proposes its assistance. The press evokes dead fowls with Goure and Dogo (cities of the center-south of the country, not far from the Nigeria) and with Guigmi, more with the East, close to the border with the Chad.
• Wednesday the 1st er March 2006: Analyzes on 42 poultries (local or industrial hens, guinea fowls, ducks and turkeys) having been the subject of the taking away in five towns of Magaria confirmed sub-type H5N1 on two ducks, one in Magaria and the other with daN Barded (+9 positive cases of the Maladie of Newcastle in hens)
• Friday March 3rd 2006: New suspect cases were announced in three communes. The avian flu is suspectée in three other cities;

• Friday March 17th 2006: Mid-March, the avian flu touches according to the press of the country only the Department of Magaria (area of Zinder, close to Nigeria). Since the end of February the authorities endeavor to make respect prohibitions to import, to transport the poultry and its by-products. Those which try to run out their poultries on the markets see their birds seized and destroyed at the stations of sanitary control or police.
  Un article of Walfadjiri the case of a stockbreeder of 4.500 layers (3 000 eggs day) quotes “That to make whereas the France , country from where I import my chicks one day old, is also contaminated? ”.
  1 000 F CFA (1,5 €) of compensation are envisaged by shot down chicken, but the stockbreeders fear not the touch and each chicken is worth 3 times known as one whereas the other adds that it is not the price of a one day old chick which it is important of France! Harouna Laboratory, stockbreeder with Maradi produced 20.000 eggs/day. He says to a journalist of Walfadjiri: " I imported nearly 10.000 chicks of Egypt. With the release of the avian flu in Nigeria and in this country, this order is blocked over there. Which of these two countries will compensate me ? ".

• Tuesday June 6th 2006: New and 4th avian hearth, in a new department. The H5N1 was confirmed by reference laboratory WHO of Padoue. Epizooty touches today the village of Boko May Gao (maigao), commune of Gabi, department of Madaroumfa, to 700 km in the east of the Niamey capital. According to the authorities, measurements of medical police force already exist (gone and trades of poultries prohibited, road controls, épidémio-monitoring reinforced in the commune and neighborhood, of which in Tabadama and Najiko). Demolition medical are envisaged in the days which come, or the next week). Nearly 18.000 poultries had already been cut down in 3 days by 25 teams in the 47 villages of the perimeter of Magaria. 18.871.650 Fcfa of compensation were given to the 15.000 stockbreeders touched in the area of Magaria, according to the local mediums. (Source: Network Animal Health in Niger (Sani).)

the preceding hearths date of February 27th, 2006, and the virus was considered fragile in hot and dry season.

Of violent demonstrations of students took place in the capital.

Nigeria

2006

• Tuesday January 10th 2006 1st blaze in the State de Kaduna but which will be recognized officially only one month later.

• Thursday February 2nd 2006: A mission GOOSE/FAO evaluates the width of the zoonose and the effectiveness of the monitoring and the control of the epidemic. It seems that the 800 veterinary surgeons and 7000 technicians of the country could, if they have enough personnel to help them to take the control measures necessary and to launch a vaccination campaign if it were recommended soon by the experts. Difficulties of coordination between the national level and that of the local States exist however, and other zones could already be touched in addition to the three States are recognized touched. Moreover the restriction of the poultry movements, forty, the closing of the markets in poultry in affected sectors, and it frontier check only are imperfectly applied. And the population is a weak aware of the level of risk and measures to be taken and need for not touching without precautions the dead birds or infected. It would also immediately be necessary to compensate the stockbreeders which one must kill the poultries.
• FAO recalls (on February 22nd, 2006) that there would be 140 million poultries in the country including 60% in the family breedings, 25% in the industrial breedings and 15% in semi-commercial breedings. The poultries are especially in the south-west of the country but it is in the north, where are located the industrial breedings, in the dry part of the country which the blazes seem to have started. Some wonder whether the virus would not have from China via the imports by industrial chicken plane of 1 day.

• Wednesday February 8th 2006: the country recognizes a beginning of the blaze of H5N1 in the poultries
• Wednesday February 15th 2006: According to the chief Olatunde Badmus, National president of the avicolous Association of Nigeria, “the reports/ratios showed that the birds of the cases of Kano and Kaduna did not come from recorded hatcheries” (NDR: what implies that they come from illegal hatcheries? or that chicks or ducklings were imported countries touched by the H5N1, in spite of prohibition to import starting from these countries?. (The Punch, Lagos, February 15th, 2006)
• Not at the Thursday, February 23, 2006 :

• Friday February 24th 2006: on 4 suspect human cases (respiratory symptoms + contacts with ill poultry), a woman died of a pneumopathy on February 16th, 2006. The 3 others would be in a satisfactory state. (analyzes in progress)

• Saturday February 25th 2006: The the World Bank announces that it will draw 50 million dollars (42 million euros) in its funds special of fight against the avian flu to help the country. The World Bank could also quickly help Niger.
• Monday February 27th 2006: Seven among 36 States of Nigeria are now touched with two new states victims of a virus H5N1: the States of Nassarawa and Yobe (frontier of the Niger also touched since a few days at least) are also touched, which changes to 7 the number of touched states (subject to an other confirmation by the analyzes, asked by the central government)
• Friday March 10th 2006: 130 poultry breedings touched in 11 of the 37 States of the country, at the same time in north and the south, but not of human case confirmed according to WHO. Country N `confirmed that eight touched States and the FCT (Territory of the capital). 450.000 chickens were euthanasias since the beginning of the zoonose. The poultry breeders received an financial equalization as from last week.

• Monday March 13rd 2006: The virus extends its surface to Nigeria: 11 of its 36 States are now infected.

2007

• Saturday January 13rd 2007: The services of hygiene natives of Niger confirmed a new case H5N1 in the state of Sokoto (northern of the country).

• Thursday 2007: The health authorities have just given a report on the first human cases of avian flu in the country affirming that a 22 year old woman is died with Lagos on January 17th, whereas a member of its family, infected, is currently looked after and seems well to react to the treatment.

Sudan

• Saturday March 25th 2006: First avian suspicions of case in the center of the country which is crossed by the Nile used like corridor of migration by the birds, but also by the men in this country which is vastest of Africa. The epidemiologic situation is difficult to follow being given the civil disorders and soldiers who shake 3 areas (Southern, Darfur in the West of the country and Eritrean frontier band in the East).

• Tuesday April 18th 2006: 24 days after discovered first dead fowls, the media announce that the Sudan becomes the 6th country reached by the virus H5N1 . The 1st case of H5N1 detected is in a poultry breeding of the capital Khartoum, in the Al Jazirah state.
• Sunday May 7th 2006: A report/ratio sent by Sudan to the GOOSE announces a new hearth with Atbara, in the State of the Nile, to 250 km in the north of Khartoum (Confirmed by reference laboratory WHO of Padoue). According to this report/ratio, other hearths were announced in the State of Gezira (or Al Jazirah) in 4 poultry breedings to 40-50 km to the south of Khartoum.
  Remarks : The H5N1 is famous not to support heat, but in the area of Khartoum, the hot season goes from March to November and the thermometer goes up normally to 40-45 °C. The country is famous particularly arid, and it is the case on most of the territory, but in the south of the capital, thousands of ha are cultivated in industrial and intensive agriculture, with continuous alignments of rectangular thousands of fields.

(. /.)

• Tuesday November 23rd 2006: Thousands of domestic poultry were destroyed in and around the Sudanese capital of Juba in order to try to contain a threat of avian flu brought back in the area several months ago. A farmer was hospitalized with symptoms of avian flu and was tested later like positive, incentive the World Health Organization to send a team in this stripped country.

Togo

• the 1st Togolese avian hearth is announced and confirmed at the end of June 2007 in a semi-industrial breeding of Sigbehoue to approximately 40 km in the east of the Lome capital. 2.505 poultries had died of the H5N1, justifying the demolition of 8.000 other poultries approximately in the brought closer perimeter (3km around the hearth), including 3.069 still alive poultries in the breeding. In periphery of this perimeter, the poultries should be vaccinated.

• At the beginning of July 2007, the ministry for health, according to the local press received GOOSE a million amounts of vaccines for poultries, against the avian flu. A vaccination would be considered initially in the zone of the first hearth of the avian flu according to the anonymous source of the article.

• Wednesday August 8th 2007, the government recognizes that three new hearths of H5N1 also related to the south of the countries, detected starting from the analysis (made in Padoue) of dead fowls in farms of villages of the prefectures of the Lakes (Sigbehoue and Agbata), and prefectures of the Gulf and Zio, to approximately 45 km in the east of Lome (maritime area).
  Selon the government which asks for closing again - real - poultry local markets, of which with Lome, and redemande that one respects the prohibition of transport of poultry in the maritime area, the monitoring of the imports had been reinforced and the government and a procedure of identification and follow-up of the migratory birds was launched, after validation of a governmental play of in February 2006 prevention, including a national alarm system, formations and a monitoring, as well as " local committees of vigilance" in particular set up at the borders. In October 2006 the importation of poultry alive and their derivatives coming from the countries touched by the avian flu was prohibited.

See too

• Influenza

• Avian flu
• Plane H5N1
• of crisis for a pandemia
• the cat and the influenza
• Rotoluve
• pandemic Risk related to the avian flu
• State of the avian flu epidemic in the world

External bonds

• National Sanitary Surveillance Institute

• Network Sentinels INSERM U707
• Blog on the influenza