Starter

The starter is an auxiliary electrical motor supplied with the accumulator battery and intended to launch a Internal combustion engine to enable him to start.

This last which cannot start by itself like the Engine steam , a sufficient mode of rotation must be to him printed to feed the cylinders. The couple to be transmitted by the starter depends on the forces of friction, of the volumetric report/ratio of the engine, the number of cylinders and the room temperature.

For the diesels, strongly compressed, the starter functions on 24 volts. In general, an engine cash a low number of cylinders (two for example) will start less although one 8 or one 12 cylinders. Indeed, for a pluricylindres, one counts more than one lighting by turn of crankshaft (only one for a twin-cylinder).

Lastly, it is also necessary to consider the cycle of the engine. A two-stroke with a complete cycle by turn of crankshaft is favoured at the beginning. A carburettor engine must have a system of enrichment of the mixture (choke). With starting, indeed, the speed of the allowed mixture is not sufficient to ensure a correct filling.

In addition, because of temperature, vaporization is not always carried out under good conditions. On the first cars, the launching of the engine was carried out thanks to a crank fixed permanently on the crankshaft and which one actuated with the hand. For engines of high cubic capacity (Boring higher than 100 mm), one mounted a relief cock which put the air engine free.

In the first years of the century, one lives to appear a certain number of systems of starting to spring, with launcher or compressed-air. It is only into 1912 that the electric starters were assembled. Because of low power of the battery, they were first of all regarded as not very reliable bodies. In addition, the electrical circuit, being in general assembled without precaution, was at the origin of frequent breakdowns. Nevertheless, about 1910-1915, all the firms adopted the electric starter.

A long time, the starting of the racing cars racing, private of electric starter. was carried out thanks to a pneumatic or electric ancillary equipment. For the starting of the large diesels equipping the earthmovers, one uses small a spark-ignition Engine launched with the hand or with an electrical motor. The startup takes place thus without any difficulty, whatever the temperature or moisture.

On the modern cars, the universally adopted electric starter is with D.C. current and two phases. It is conceived as the dynamo (the engine with D.C. current has a reversible operation: it is generating when one provides him mechanical energy or electrical motor when it receives some). The only difference is in the type of excitation which is in series.

Starter, choke (