Special economic Zone

A special economic zone ( ZES ) is a geographical area in which the economic laws are more liberal, i.e. more advantageous for the companies, which those practiced in the remainder of the country. When a government creates such zones, it is generally with an aim of attracting the Investissement S foreigners. For that, it sets up measurements making it possible the companies to see their exploitation and financing, capital costs of notably reduced compared to a “traditional” economic environment. These incentive measures are generally tax reductions (for example creation of a Free zone without taxes nor customs duties), but can also be direct aids with the installation (for example introduction of a premium to the investment, or supply of grounds and buildings at reduced price).

Among the first special economic zones, most famous are those created in Popular republic of China under the government of Deng Xiaoping at the beginning of the Années 1980. The ZES having gained the most success in China east that of Shenzhen, at the origin simple village, become in a score of years a city of more than 10 million inhabitants. Other countries followed the example of China, like the India, the Iran, the Jordan, the Poland, the Kazakhstan, the Filipino and the Russia.

According to the estimates of the the World Bank, there exists in 2007 more: 3000 ZES already created or in project, and this in 120 countries.

Special economic zones in China

In 1979, four Chinese special economic zones (Zhongguo Jingji tequ) were created in the provinces of the Guangdong and the Fujian in the south of the China to attract the Investisseur S foreigners. These zones proposing at the foreign companies preferential conditions (Tax S, right of Customs…) were since 1980 an important vector of the reforms.

There are 15 ZES in China intended for the Western Capitaux.

In the Guangdong:

In the Fujian: On the Yangzi Jiang (Blue River)
  • Pudong in 1990 in contact with Shanghai
  • Qinghuandao in 1993

“Nonofficial” ZES:

Special economic zones in Poland

In Poland, there are 14 special economic zones, which proposes freedoms from tax on returned from the companies, until 2017.

  • Kamiennogórska SE

  • Katowicka SE
  • Kostrzyńsko-Słubicka SE * the Special Economic Zone of Kostrzyn-Slubice
  • Krakowski Park Technologiczny
  • Legnicka SE
  • Łódzka SE
  • SE EURO-PARK MIELEC
  • Słupska SE
  • SE Starachowice
  • Suwalska SE
  • Pomorska SE
  • Tarnobrzeska SE
  • Wałbrzyska SE
  • Warmińsko-Mazurska SE

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