Spallation

The nuclear spallation of fragmentation of an atomic nucleus in Nucléide S of Atomic mass is a nuclear reaction smaller, by shock with an incidental particle (neutron, proton,…) of great energy (of 100 MeV with some GeV).

Taking into account the energies put in plays (high energies) spallation is a current reaction at the time of the paramount Nucléosynthèse.

The spallation is used as source of intense beams of Neutron S (from 2 to 10 MeV). Consequently, several applications are possible:

  • production of exotic atomic nuclei,
  • elimination of the Nuclear waste or more exactly reduction in the period of radioactive decrease of the radioactive cores with long life by Transmutation,
  • design of nuclear reactors theoretically surer: the principle of operation of a Nuclear reactor (in stationary mode) is to maintain a chain reaction where, with each generation, the number of neutrons which will cause a fission (there are also captures and escapes) remains constant. Thanks to the engines hybrid ( ADS in English for Accelerator-Driven System), i.e. a nuclear reactor assisted by a particle accelerator (proton), the heart of the engine is intrinsically (when the accelerator is not used) subcritical. The advantage of such engine also lies in the point stated above, namely the possibility of transmuting actinides with long life.

References

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