South-Amerindians

The South-Amerindians are the Amerindian populating the South America, i.e. the first occupants of South America and their descendants.

With the borders of the Central America and South

The Chibcha S

The chibchas occupied a territory extending from current the Guatemala with current the Colombia. It is of the Chibcha people that was born the myth from Eldorado. This one had a very elaborate art of manufacture of gold jewelry, provided some in particular to Incas, and had as a habit to cover with gold dust some of its deaths and to throw them at the bottom of the lakes.

South America

The nations Quechuas

See also: INCA, History of Peru

Quechuas are the agents of civilization INCA, the INCA empire extended to its apogee on the Western part of South America, between the Pacific Ocean and the Andes cordillera. That represents long territory a 4000 km and covering a surface of more than 3 million km ². The capital was Cuzco, located at Peru.

INCA civilization develops of XIe century in XVIe century. Their reign on the tawantinsuyu is completed with the execution of Atahualpa, at the time of the Spanish Conquest in 1533. The death of the INCA does not mean the disappearance of the Quechua people. Although the INCA caste was devastated, the language quechua was used as language of evangelization and it taken the step on other languages autochtones. So of many populations, very diverse culturally assert Quechua nation today. At present, the language quechua is quite alive, one finds it mainly in the provinces of Peru (sierra and altiplano), of Bolivia (Chuquisaco, Cochabamba, Potosi) and of equator (country)|Ecuador.

The Aymara nation

See also: Aymara, History of Bolivia

The Aymara nation is present mainly on the Bolivian high plateau (Department of Paz (Bolivia La Paz, Département of Oruro|Oruro, Department of Potosí|Potosi) and also in the south of Peru (Puno) and in the north of Chile (Iquique). This nation linked by its language and its original culture finds its roots in the Tiwanaku culture which disappeared at the beginning of the second millenium of our era. This Amerindian nation counts approximately 1.5 million speakers mainly in rural environment of the quoted areas.

The Mapuches

See also: Mapuches

The term of Mapuche , literally " Populate of Terre" in mapudungun, indicates the communities aboriginals of the zone center-south of the Chile and the Argentine, also known under the term fallen in disuse from Araucans . According to the census of 2002, they account for 4% of the Chilean population, that is to say a little more 600  000 people, and one estimates at approximately 300  000 the number of Mapuches in Argentina.

Originating in the Chilean Andes cordillera, they propagated their culture until Patagonie Argentina, while passing by the Pampa, between the XVIIIe S and the XIXe centuries. Neither Incas nor the Conquistadors succeeded in subjecting them. This formidable resistance inspired the famous poem epic Araucana] (1569, 1578 and 1589) of Alonso de Ercilla. In Chile, it is only in 1882, after long series of military campaigns, that Cornelio Saavedra succeeds in subjecting them. Groups continued the armed struggle until the end of the 20th century.

The language mapuche, the mapudungun, is only oral. It was used to transmit agricultural techniques, a religion animist (without the Pantheon as it is the case in other civilizations of Andean origin), a ritual festival named guillatún , a sport rather close to the known Hockey under the name of palín (or chueca ) as well as a system of self-defense called kollellaullin .

The company mapuche was organized around a lonko , chief of tribe which submitted its authority in the event of important war to a commander ( toqui ).

People of Amazonia

See also: Native-born people of Brazil, indigenous Nationalities of Ecuador

See also: Shuars, Achuar, Shiwiar, Zápara, Guarani

(Aguarunas and Huambisas).

People Patagons

Alakaluf

Chonos

Ona or Selknam

Puelche S

Tehuelches

Yahgans or Yagans or Yamanas

Leaves the Indiennes populations and Mongrel

Indians, Mongrel , and their share cumulated in the population of the country.
  1. Bolivia: 55% of Indians and 30% of mongrel making 85% of the population.
  2. Peru: 45% of Indians and 37% of mongrel making 82% of the population.
  3. Guatemala: 44% of Indians and 52% of mongrel making 96% of the population.
  4. Mexico: 30% of Indians and 60% of mongrel making 90% of the population.
  5. Ecuador: 25% of Indians and 55% of mongrel making 80% of the population.
  6. Guyana, Guyana and Surinam: between 5 and 20% and # Honduras: 7% of Indians and 90% of mongrel making 97% of the population.
  7. Panama: 6% of Indians and 70% of mongrel making 76% of the population.
  8. Nicaragua: 5% of Indians and 69% of mongrel making 74% of the population.
  9. El Salvador: 5% of Indians and 94% of mongrel making 99% of the population.
  10. Paraguay: 5% of Indians and 93,3% of mongrel making 98,3% of the population.
  11. Chile: 3% of Indians and 95% of mongrel and white .
  12. Venezuela: 2% of Indians and 69% of mongrel making 71% of the population.
  13. Colombia: % unspecified of Indians, 58% of mongrel.
  14. Dominican Republic: 0% and 0% , no Indian, unspecified interbreeding.
  15. Uruguay 0% of Indians and 8% of mongrel making 8% of the population.
  16. Cuba: Amerindians melted in the white and black populations métissées.
  17. Costa Rica: data of 1999 not exploitable.
  18. Argentinian: inalienable
  19. Brazil: inalienable .
Source: The World Factbook 1999, Central Intelligence Agency (the CIA).

External bonds

  • http://www.wayanga.org/ - asso for the defense of the rights, the culture and the indigenous grounds

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