Sorb of the bird-catchers
The sorb of the bird-catchers or sorb of the birds ( Sorbus aucuparia L.) is small a Arbre pertaining to the rosacée family of the S and to the kind Sorbus .
Description
The branches are smooth, a little grisâtres. Sheet S pennate, to 5 or 7 pairs of finely toothed, green on the two sides, a little hairy leaflets with the reverse. The white flowers, with 5 petals, are grouped in Corymbe S. They have a strong odor, not very pleasant. The fruits, sorb them, are bay S red orange very appéciées by the Oiseau X, in particular the Grive S.The tree seldom exceeds 15 meters. It pushes in wood and the forests, the moors and the places rock, often in altitude (on average mountain), on light ground, very seldom on limestone. Flowering in May - June, fruits with maturity at the end of the summer. These fruits persist a long time on the tree in winter, which gives him an undeniable interest decorative, and especially constitutes a reserve of food for the birds.
It can live a hundred years.
Characteristics
- reproductive Bodies:
- Standard of inflorescence: Corymbe
- Distribution of the sexes: Standard hermaphrodite
- of pollination: entomogame
- Period of flowering: May at July
- Seed:
- Standard of fruit: Drupe
- Mode of dissemination: endozoochore
- Habitat and distribution:
- standard Habitat: wood caducifoliés médioeuropéens, acidophiles, oligotrophiles, psychrophilous
- Surface of distribution: eurasiatique
Its surface of natural distribution covers all the Europe and the moderate Asia (Lebanon, Turkey, Arménie, Azerbaïdjan, Daguestan). Spread by the culture, it was naturalized elsewhere, in particular in North America.
In France, it is rather common in Forêt and at the edge of the ways, in the mountains up to 1500 m of altitude, more disseminated in plain. It is a gasoline of light. He prefers the moderate and wet climates, and is more rarely in Mediterranean zone. With high-altitude, it takes a port rabougri bush.
Use
This tree, which is most widespread of the sorb S, is often planted like Arbre of alignment or ornament in the parks and Jardin S. The fresh fruits are not edible. They contain in particular acids sorbic, malic and parasorbic (this last being toxic), like various sugars of which Saccharose, Dextrose and of the Sorbitol. This sugar, which was discovered in bays of the sorb, from now on is synthesized and used as sweetening substance, indicated in particular for the diabetics. The core contains a toxic Hétéroside (Amygdaloside).They become edible when they are quite ripe, blets, and on the condition of being cooked. Sometimes they are used to prepare Confiture S, and also to manufacture, by Distillation, an alcoholic drink of the kirsch type. They were used to manufacture soft foods for the birds. They have laxative and diuretic properties.
Wood, hard and white, was appreciated to manufacture the rays of wheels of carts or the handles of tools, or for turning.
Some varieties cultivated for the ornament
- Asplenifolia , with pennate leaflets like the Fern S,
- Beissneri , with barks reddish, branches, petioles and growths red, foliage gilded with the autumn, decorative,
- Dirkenii , with flowers yellow,
- Edulis , with large fruits oranges, edible (acidulous),
- Fastigiata , with drawn up port,
- Laciniata , with cut out sheets,
- Pendula , variety with whining port,
- Rossica major , with set up port, sheets crimsons with the autumn,
- Xanthocarpa , with yellow fruits.
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