Solution large-allemande

The solution large-allemande (of '' großdeutsche Lösung '') was at the 19th century one of the answers advanced to German Question , consistent in the creation of a German State-nation dominated by the Austria. She was opposed to the solution known as {{quotation|small-allemande}} (of '' kleindeutsche Lösung ''), who consisted of the exclusion of the Austria and of the union around the Prussia.

This prospect is close but distinct from the Pangermanisme, movement of Extrême right-hand side of orientation ethnicist, Völkisch , nationalist and anti-semite which developed in the German Empire and was favorable to the creation of a State gathering all the territories germanphones in which the population nonGerman - in particular the Slaves - would be germanized or explusées.

The national movement at the 19th century

The term großdeutsch was employed for the first time at the Parlement of Frankfurt by the president, Eduard von Simson. This prospect was mainly constant there by the States of the South of the Confederation (Bade, Wurtemberg, Bavaria, Austria) from the relatively liberal or main road-liberal point of view. It also collected the support of the left, but from the republican and democratic point of view. The solution large-allemande consisted of the creation of a State-nation gathering all the German-speaking grounds of the Confederation like, for historical reasons, territories then mainly populated Czech and of Slovenien (Bohemia, Carniole, Littoral-Austrian). It however implied the separation of Austria and Hungary, which excluded Habsbourg. The departure of the Austrian delegation in Frankfurt failed to make triumph the option small-allemande, which failed because of the refusal of Frederic-Guillaume IV of Prussia to accept the imperial crown.

As from 1849, Austria advanced like alternative a solution {{quotation|large-Austrian}} ( of großösterreichische Lösung ), which would have seen the formation of a vast unit joining together small Germany, Austria and all its possession of Central Europe under the direction of the Habsbourg. François-Joseph I {{er}} tried thereafter to transform the Germanic Confédération into a federation under Austrian presidency, but the Congrès of the Princes ( of Fürstentag ) convened on September 1st, 1863 in Frankfurt failed because of the absence of Guillaume I {{er}} of Prussia, advised by its minister-president Otto von Bismarck.

While being essential vis-a-vis Austria in the Years 1860, the kingdom of Prussia managed to carry out the national unit with its profit and created the German Reich in 1871, thus devoting the configuration small-allemande.

The 20th century

After the First World War, the National Assembly of the German Austria took in November 1918 fastening Germany, it what the German constituent National Assembly granted on February 6th, 1919; but this union was prohibited by the Alliés with the treated of Versailles and of Saint-Germain-in-Bush hammer.

The Third Reich annexed at the end of the years 1930 Austria and other German-speaking territories, which made it possible Adolf Hitler to be presented in the form of a unifier of large Germany; German Reich ( Deutsches Reich ) was renamed Reich large-German ( Großdeutsches Reich ) in 1943. Reich disappeared in 1945, and its territory was dismembered.

After the disappearance of Reich, the idea and the term of large Germany were discredited because of their association to the Nazisme. The projects of reunification of the the Federal Republic of Germany and the German Democratic republic refer then to, it Whole Germany ; the fact that Germany is regarded as whole without Austria nor the old Eastern territories is a sign of the abandonment of the solution large-allemande by a vast majority of the political community and population.

In Austria, the treated State of 1955 prohibits fastening in Germany; the aspirations large-allemandes had in any event fallen out of favor insofar as Austria of the post-war period sought with distancier of Germany and to be made recognize like first victim of the Nazism . Germany also excludes this fastening by the Traité from Moscow of 1990. large Germany is defended more today only by one fringe of the Extrême right-hand side, for example in Germany by the Parti national-democrat (NPD), and in Austria by a minority of the Austrian Parti freedom (FPÖ).

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