Solid state

See also: Solid

The solid state one of the states of the matter is characterized by the absence of freedom between the Molécule S or the ions (metals for example).

The macroscopic criteria of the matter in a solid state are:

the solid has a clean form,
the solid has a clean volume.

If a solid object is so firm, it is grace, inter alia, with the covalent bonds which represent the connections of strongest between the various components of the solid. These is besides the bonds which bind the carbon atoms of a diamond. But there exist also the ionic connections, weaker than the covalent bonds, which allow the connection between opposite poles (of two magnets). It ensures the cohesion of a grain of salt for example, thanks to the connection between the chloride and sodium ions. The metal connections, even weaker, also make the matter solid at temperature normal (to the exeption of mercury), but more malleable. Certain polar connections also, but the majority as the connections of Van der Waals make the matter solid only at very low temperatures.

However, one should not regard the solid as a fixed state of the Matière because with the temperature, the atoms vibrate around their position of balance.

The solids have weak a Dilatation and weak a compressibility.

The majority of the solids are crystals, and the model of the Cristal makes it possible to have an good idea of the solid state: the atoms are laid out in space in regular manner and ordinate. The distances between the atoms remain constant.

However, certain solids known as “Amorphe S” do not have atoms arranged well as for the crystals, for example the Verre.

See too

Internal bonds

Simple: Solid

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