Soler

Geography

Its communal territory, of a surface of 10,35 km ², is bordering with the communal territories, with raising, of Toulouges, at midday, of Toulouges and Thuir, with setting, of Saint-Féliu-with Avall, and, with north, of Pézilla-the-River, Villeneuve-the-River and Baho.

Situation

The village, located on a headland Clay ux, overhangs, Right Bank, with 73 meters of altitude, the coastal Fleuve Têt. One of its risings, at the 16th century, ruined the castrum of Soler de Mont and carried, in its tumultuous and impetuous floods, Soler de Vall, and one of the last, that of October 1940, remaining encrusted in all the memories.

Five roads convergent towards the village, including one to four ways, comes Perpignan while following the Small fireclay cup. The second, built on decision of the king Louis XIV visits some in the province of Roussillon, traced and arranged at the 18th century, successively called, is old RN 116, now displaced in RD 916. She traverses a ground flat and muddy, suitable for agriculture. Until 1960, it was bordered of secular plane trees of which there does not remain any more but some specimens in the crossing of the hamlet of Holy-Eugenie and with the Campellanes locality. The third connects the communes of Estagel, Pézilla and Villeneuve-the-River with that of Toulouges (old communal way n° 7), and, beyond, Canohès and Pollestres. Lastly, the two last, by fields and vines, slip by, one, skirting the Farmhouse and the priory of Santa Maria of Eula, on Ponteilla, Trouillas and Villemolaque, the other passing very close to Copons and its mill, on Thuir.

Hydrography

The river Small fireclay cup, of west-east head office, bathes the commune. The village has a whole canal system of Irrigation and rus, supplied with many sources: del Bearnés make or of Sancta Eugenia, do it of as a Simon, do it del Moli, do it del Casot, do it del Sabater, do it of Hospital, do it of Sant Jaume, do it del Castanyer, do it of in Not, do it del Caporal, do it of in Noguer, do it of in Costa, the fontem Cybélis or make of Eula… and, muros will intra, Do it of in Ghilasbert or Fountain of Lassus.

Two artificial water levels occupy part of the territory of Soler. One is dug at the end of XVIIIe and the beginning of the 19th century by Hainaut in reorganization of the old channels, and the other more recent and is fed by the sources and fountains résurgeant with hillside. It goes back from the last quarter of the 20th century and the fruit from a rehabilitation to a unused Sablière.

Hamlets

In addition to the current village of Soler, the commune includes/understands the hamlet of Holy-Eugenie, the farmhouse or priory of Santa Maria of Eula and plethora of masets and villas essaimées on all the soil.

History

Etymologies of the place names

The name of the locality is written Solarium Ferreolus at the 5th century, Solarium Ferreoli into 677 and 1035, Soler Ferriol into 775 and 835, Solario Ferreolo or Ferriolo into 787,825,832 and 1048, Solerio Ferreoli into 843 and 850, Solarium of Orzone into 976, Solario de Oruc , Orus or Oruccio vicecomite into 988 and 1032, Soler into 1007,1070,1186 and 1358, Soler Ferriolo or Feriolo in 1027 and 1032, Ferreoli in 1040, Soler Ferriol in 1079, El Soler Ferriol in 1100, Solarium in 1141,1164,1207 and 1211, Solerium in 1188,1231 and 1239, San Julianus de Solerio in 1217 and 1258, Villar de Solerio superiori in 1243, Log of Soler d' Amunt or Munt in 1359,1413,1427,1828 and 1651, Locus de Solerio superiori in 1385, Lo Soler in 1632 and, definitively, Soler since 1670.

That of the Villa Palleia or Pallagianum , is very with turn called Villare Palleia or Pallaganum' into 677, Villare Pallaganum into 722 and 779, Pallaganum into 835,837 and 876, Pallagianum into 877 and Palleianum into 959.

If Plaute and Suétone employed the Latin word solarium in the direction of sunny terrace and - bringing closer to " solers" - of house in terrace or with stage, and Varon of sundial, Cicéron that of Clepsydre or clock with water gave him. Indeed, built on one of the culminating points of the plain, on the thick layer of clay which overhangs the Small fireclay cup, Soler forms, at all times, a vast quite exposed terrace. Other authors, Pline, Caton, Columelle give him the direction of Pressoir, for a reason difficult to elucidate. With the premium access, Ferreol appears being the name of the owner of the villa, of the house in terrace or of the field but, it is, also, a species of vitis sylvestris or ancient vine. If such were the significance to be retained for Ferreol , the direction of press for solarium / solers would be to privilege, Soler Ferriol would be already, in VIIe-VIIIe century, and probably as of the 5th century, a wine field, which would have belonged to Ferreol, prefect of the Narbonnese and friend of Sidoine Apollinaire (according to its letter of 472).

On the other hand, Pallaganum, Pallagianum or Palleianum appears attached in the name of the owner, Pallaga or Palleia , of the Roman villa, or wisigothe, to which he was added the domanial suffix " anum" indicating the place or the field of, unless its radical is not " Palaga or Pallaga" that Pline employed in the direction of gold ingot, " Paleæ, Palearum, Palleæ or Pallearum" , straw for Pline, Virgile and Columella, or copper spangles and filings for Pline, or " Palearium or Pallearium" an attic with straw for Columella. If such were, the villa Pallagianum or Palleianum would have been an agricultural domain where one would have cultivated there and collected cereals with the blondes ambrées colors evoking those of the gold or its yellow clay ground coppers. Another theory could be ordered around the substantive " Paleatum, Paleiatum, Palleatum or Palleiatum" , by Pline and Columella taken in the direction of cob, of mortar loam fatty or interfered chopped straw, materials which would have been used to build the villa, if it is not with that of " Pallas, Palladis, Palladanius or Pallados" , Minerve, and that there existed, in this place, a temple or a sanctuary set up in the honor of this Déité, or a planted place of determining olive-trees of an olive-growing field, branches being prerogative and prerogative of the goddess, or " Palladium" , the temple of Vesta, for Ovide, and " Palladium or Palladius" , for Valère Martial, the asylum of the Muses. Lastly, last postulates, " Pallium" , which, for Cicéron and Quintilien, indicated a Greek coat, for Cicéron and Apulée, a pall; " Pallula" , that Plaute, in its " Truculentus" , compared to a small coat or a mantelet, and " Pallaganum, Pallagianum or Palleianum" could be joined with the name " Palla or Pallæ" , qualifying, for Valère Martial, poet epigrammatic Iberian protected by Titus and Domitien, the coat court of the Celtibères and the Gallic one, to which would be added the domanial suffix " anum" indicating the place or the field. The presence of a Oppidum in the vicinity, discovered in 1990, would come to support this theory.

Antiquity

Several ancient villas and places were discovered on the territory of Soler: Soler ironwood, Pallagianum, Taurinianum, Campillano, palatio Monniano, mansio Eugeniae, Drove out it Sancti $petri and of the parrochia Sancti Mauricii de Solerio inferiori, Campellanes and Monyas. These places disappearing as of the 10th century.

The communal territory of Soler keeps the trace of the Roman cadastration: several ways, some still practicable, tarred or maintained, taken again under streets, follow the layout from there. One can quote the streets of the Small fireclay cup, Edouard Herriot and Roger Salengro, of ways of communal interest, the cross-pieces of Pesillà I of Vilanova de Reuter, the cami (way) closed, the ways ( camins ) del Pilo, of Oratori, Monyàs, Negro Grounds, Sanya I of Let us wrap. It is also the case of D 37, of Soler with Pontellà, D 39 of the crusade dels very ways with Toulouges, and D 85, of Soler with Thuir. Others disappeared: the ways of Malloles vel Santa Eugenia of Scraped I Sant Pere, of Illa, Forçà Real vel Sant Andreu I Sant Marti of Ribera…, and of Cotlliure.

In the past, coming from Perpignan, since the districts " Malloles" and " San Ciscle" , the traveller borrowed the " Cami Vell del Conflent" who ran the soils of " Carerassa" , of the " Farmhouse of Cup" and of the " Puigsec" before penetrating on the communal territory with the soil of " Holy Eugénie" , and, by " Monyàs" , the " Cami Clos" , " Set Ayminates" and l'" Empedrat" , slipped by on " Romanete" , Holy Féliu d' Avall, Bouleternère, and climbed, échinant with side of valley, via Rodés, Rigarda, Joch, Estoher, Conflent and its graus, on Vilar of 0vençà and Perxà. This way, at the time Roman, connected the civitas of Ruscino, " Roussillon" castle; and of Julia Livica, " Llivia". It formed the second of the three ways composing the " Via Confluentana" , the first fascinating origin with Combusta close Salsulae, the third with Illibéris. With the Middle Ages, this way was refitted and D-empierrée, and was known, since, under the toponym of Strata Francisca.

The Middle Ages

Oldest of the irrigation canals of the commune are dug as of the end of 8th and beginning of the 9th century, in order to drain the Marais interior Salt marsh, last vestiges of the filling of the marine gulf of Bouleternère, also said of Roussillon, and thus to put the grounds in culture, after deforestation. They are work of the monks of Eixalada and Sant Miquel de Cuixà, the philosopher's stone being completed, truly, only at the 14th century, with Templiers of the Farmhouse Deu .

These channels comprise various interesting technical elements: the Siphon S, the Aqueduct S, drains, Valve S, wrought iron locks, bridges, palanks, mills, laundrettes.

19th century

The line of Railroad, drawn up according to a report/ratio dated April 27th, 1862, is promulgated of public utility on June 18th, 1863. It connects Perpignan to Prades, and serves the mines of Saint-Michel, like, by a station of 4th category, the village of Soler. This line is brought into service on January 1st, 1884 then electrified in 1911. Until 1910, the station of Soler is used by the Violet establishments of Thuir to dispatch, through France and Europe, even Americas, the famous Byrrh.

Chronology

VIIIe-VIIe century before J. - C.: Oppidum Sorde, archeological site discovered in 1990

218 before J. - C.: Second Punic War. Passage of Hannibal, its troops and its elephants, along the valley of the Small fireclay cup, in direction of Ruscino, before meeting the chiefs Sordes and Bébryces with Illibéris, therefore in Soler.

52 before J. - C.: romanisation of Roussillon.

Ve century after J. - C.: Solario Ferréoli, property of Ironwood, prefect of the Narbonnese.

677 : transfer of a alodium (Freehold) in Soler Ironwood, confronting " caecias" has; with the villaris Pallagianum, in favor of Guitiza vicecomitatu of Solerio Ferrioli.

Between 800 and 814: privilege of Charlemagne, with the abbey of the Fatty one: transfer of a freehold to the " Soler Ironwood cum molendinis"

April 8th, 825: passage of Louis Ier Débonnaire with the castle of Soler Ironwood

Between 838 and 877: confirmation of the transfer of a freehold to the " Soler Ironwood cum molendinis" , by Charles II the Bald person, in favor of the abbey of the Fatty one.

9th century: the Oruc lord, Viscount of Roussillon, make build Forcia, out of stones of river related to the lime mortar, to replace the manor house out of wooden.

9th century: the monks of Eixalada undertake great alteration work. They drain the ponds of Maraveilla and Mow Sanyes, and bore the channel of Holy-Eugenie.

976 : an act, drawn up by the count of Roussillon, concedes privileges with the men of Solarium of Orzone.

1062: Capbreu counting the possessions about the Temple in Soler Ferriol.

1143 : beginning of construction, by Bernard de Soler and Béatrix, of the castle of Soler to replace Forcia falling in ruin after a flood which carried, on 120 canes of Montpellier, a large cliff side.

1211 : the popular tradition reports that holy Dominique, would have come in Soler at the time of its passage to Perpignan. In its honor, a vault dedicated to this saint, the end of the 13th century, was built in the church of Holy-Eugenie

1213 : Guillaume Jorda de Soler becomes archdeacon of Elne. Its tomb stone is, today, in the cloister of the cathedral of Elne.

1217 : Bernard, bishop of Elne makes build, in the enclosure of the viscontal castle of Soler, the Saint-Julien-and-Holy-Baselice church.

1243 : infeodation with Guillaume de Soler, knight, vassal of the king Jacques I {{er}} of Aragon, of the men, women, censives, uses and other rights that this last held, previously free and in frank freehold, in Soler d' Amont.

1259 : Bernard de Berga, bishop of Elne, equip with a sacristy the church which it made build in the castle of Soler.

1384 : There were 13 fires, approximately 100 inhabitants , in Soler d' Amont, 5 fires in Soler d' Avall and 7 fires with Holy-Eugenie.

May 2nd, 1437: shouted defending with the inhabitants of Soler d' Amont and Downstream to carry the timber structural or others removed by the last flood of the Small fireclay cup

1440 : nomination of a " obrer" of Soler d' Amont for the direction of the course of the Small fireclay cup close to the stopping comtal of San father and Holy-Eugenie

June 26th, 1493: defense is made, with the inhabitants of Soler d' Amont, to take the water of the brook of Holy Eugenie without authorization of the lord of the known as place, repeated in 1495 for those of the brook of Holy-Eugenie

May 25th, 1505: convocation, in the vault Our-Lady-of-Grace, in Perpignan, of the tenants sprinkling Soler d' Amont, to name a " obrer" charged with rebuilding, with stone and lime, an aqueduct, in the past of wood, which crosses the brook of Vernet, with the top of the Mill of Raphael Alenya, with the soil of Soler.

1530-1540 : Soler de Vall is destroyed following floods which devastate Roussillon.

July 5th, 1554: pose first stone of the Saint-Dominique church.

1591-1592 : epidemic of plague

August 22nd, 1597: attack launched by the French troops against the Spanish garrison of Soler. The village is in ruins.

September 27th, 1640: bloody battle, for the possession of the place, in the walls of Soler, opposing the troops of king d' Espagne to those of king de France. The village is on fire and with blood.

Hamlets

The hamlet of Holy-Eugenie

At the east of Soler, is located the hamlet of Holy-Eugenie, originally village community and seigneurial field flanked of a castle whose first mention, in 1244, gives state of it. This manor house, probably a strong house, undergoes the insults of the Enquiry, on October 21st, 1585, and always exists in 1643. On this date, work of restoration is completed there. Several middle-class men honoured with Perpignan, Béranger Germinated, Jean Vola, Pierre Bou, Guiot Aquet, Jean Maura…, and of the peerage-books families of Holy-Eugenie, of Pau, of Béarn and Foix, held this field in stronghold.

Its soil is rich in archeological sites dating from the Paléolithique, or Age of the Reindeer , with presence of men of Néandertal, and of the first burials, and the Neolithic , with the existence of men of Cro-Magnon.

Its church, now disappeared, already existing into 743, was quoted with the row of Parrochia , into 988, was dedicated to holy Eugenie, Martyr E. The places of worship established in simple a villaris (a house of farm) are rare. She is equipped, in 1258, of a vault celebrating holy Dominique. The same year, it is described as herema , deserted, by Bernard de Berga, bishop of Elne, which, not having accepted that the inhabitants of the place, without episcopal agreement, set up a sanctuary with the monk preacher, gave it to the priest that he had just installed with Saint-Julien-and-Holy-Baselice, church castrale of San Julianus de Solerio . Just like for Soler, there remains old village of Holy-Eugenie only some vestiges. Built in frontage of an alluvial cliff, it extended much more to North. Under the action of the agents of erosion destroying bases, the argillaceous wall which constitutes the septentrional limit of it, advanced, during the centuries, towards the South, damaging, ruining and destroying the habitats, the masonries and the buildings seigneuriaux and religious.

Just like the being Soler at the 5th century could, the hamlet of Holy-Eugenie, at the same period, under Roman domination, was a wine field. Indeed, under documentary reference contiguous to the épistolière production of Sidoine Apollinaire, one of the letters of this bishop of Clermont addressed to his friend Ironwood, prefect of the Narbonnese, fact praise of the Mansio Eugeniæ Vitiarium propere Solerium AD Ferreolus , all two properties of the prefect. The etymological study of the toponym Eugeniæ, Eugenius or Eugenus indicates that the wine of Eugénia is a good wine for Pline, Cicéron, Virgile or Columelle. And just like the ironwood, the eugenia is an ancient species of vine. Sidoine Apollinaire thanks his host for having invited it to take part in the grape harvest and the festivals of the grape harvest which followed.

The name of the hamlet of Holy Eugenie, was written in turn, Mansio Eugeniæ Vitiarium , in Ve century, Villarium Eugeniæ , into 674, Villarium of Sanctæ Eugeniæ , into 743,809 and 877, Sancta Eugenia , into 988, Villare de Sancta Eugenia vel Chasa Sancti $petri , in 1026,1035 and 1040, Villa Sancte Eugenie and Ecclesiæ Sanctæ Eugeniæ , in 1048 and 1051, Ecclesiæ Sancta Eugeniæ , in 1128,1132,1149 and 1258, Loci de Sancta Eugenia , in 1328,1359 and 1385, Locus de Sancta Eugenia prope (propere) Solarium , in 1428 and 1435, Santa Eugenia (Augenia) , in 1629 and 1633, and, since 1680, obviously and manifestly, Holy-Eugenie.

Boxes of Sant Father

In the East of the village, the doors of Holy-Eugenie, on the old way known as of " Soler de Mont with Malloles" , in overhang of the coastal river, with the locality " Mow Capelles" , existed a village community dependant on the lords of Holy-Eugenie. She is successively named Villarium de Sanctus $petri , into 876, Chasa of Sancti $petri , in 1026, Casa Sancti $petri , in 1032 and 1035, and Casas Sancti $petri vel Sancta Eugenia , in 1033,1037 and 1040, is the houses of Saint-Pierre , or vault Saint-Pierre . This village probably knew the ruin at the time of Great plague, in the Years 1380 , or at the time of the fatal earthquake and devastator of 1428. It was equipped with a church dedicated to saint Pierre and with a cemetery. Certain historians, following Jean-Bernard Alart, compare this agglomeration perched on cliff to that of Soler de Vall, which is ambiguity, geographically speaking, this last locality nesting, it, vis-a-vis midday, in the major bed of the coastal river.

In the west, along argillaceous cliff, spaces a long time left in the state of Landes and waste lands, of archaeological furniture was discovered with the locality " Mow Coronnes" or " Mow Escoronnes". Initially in 1985, by Jerome Kotarba, with the " Morta" gave; , and in 1993, by Raymond Matabosch and Bernard-Raoul Levavasseur, with the " Camps of Torra." This furniture goes back from with the Ve-Life century to our Christian era, and proposed beautiful series campaniennes of the type has, and a sigillée diversity of of Graufesenque, Italic pastes and paléochrétiennes. Indices of the presence of a medieval tower of guet were also discovered. The locality is currently occupied by a Lotissement.

Toponyms of the contiguous places, " Mow Coronnes" or " Mow Escoronnes" and " Mow Capelles" , forming the grounds of the " Morta" gave; , are enigmatic and lend to reflection. The association of crowns and vaults to a dead woman is not clarified. One can also advance the assumption according to which in Latin Dona, Donaria, Donarius qualify a sanctuary. Dona Morta would be thus a place of worship devoted to Morta , name given to the one of the three Parques, divinities who governed the human destiny in Roman mythology, of the comparable divinities to the Greek Moires.

The Farmhouse of Eule

In the south of the commune of Soler, the Farmhouse of Eule is. Its soil encroaches on the communal territory thurinois and includes the cadastral localities " mow Sanyes" and its appendix " Copons" or " Capons" , the " Serrat of in Pontic" , " els Tamarius" and " els terrenys of Eula" , of the localities in the past gathered under the toponym " Taurinyà". The " Taurinianum" villa; is quoted in year 879, contemporary of the " Campillano" villa; , on the domanial inheritance of Campellanes, and of the " Moniano" villa; or " Palatio Monnoso" , on that of Monyas.

Established in the middle of this marshy area, under Roman domination, this agricultural domain was dedicated to the breeding of bulls and oxen, " taurus" , or of animals of combat, in the circuses, for the plays and sacrifices.

Monyas

To the south-east of the commune, between Bassettes, Toulouges and Sainte Eugenie, extend the locality " Monyàs." A thorough study of the Roman centuriations, such as they could be drawn up by, and of the Geological Survey maps reproducing compartmental cutting, shows a concentration of grounds delimited in a square of approximately 500 meters on side, bordered in north, by the vestiges of Via Confluentana " Ruscino with Julia Livicæ". Moreover, of the archaeological prospections, carried out in these places, in 1994 and 1995, by Raymond Matabosch and Bernard-Raoul Levavasseur, allowed to determine there several sites of habitats of Roman epoch, République and High-Empire. In year 854, the " Moniano" villa; had been conceded in the aprisionnaires goths, Simniud and Riculfe. It with new is quoted into 967.

For the linguists, this agricultural domain conveys the domanial name of Moniano, for ancient form of the name of " Maunius" , it or one of the supposed owners of the villa, supplemented suffix anum which, after having undergone a late change with a suffix in ano , or anos , led to the Catalan toponym, Monya or Monyàs . A quotation of the 5th century, extracted the one of the letters of Sidoine Apollinaire addressed to his benefactor and friendly Ironwood, lets think that it could exist, of Monyas, a palate or a house on Piloti S, a sanctuary or a temple surrounded by walls where remained women or priestesses there dedicating a worship with the goddess of fire, " ventum erat AD vestæ" , Vesta, and where were held vestaliorum there, festivals in the honor of the divinity.

Campellanes

Contemporary of the " Taurinianum" villa; and of the " Palatio Moniano" , the " Campillano" villa; , listed in 877, and established in the West of the commune of Soler, with the Campellanes locality, the wisigothic presence confirms and the reminiscence of the Roman epoch on the soil. Moreover, its roots are attested, in the archaeological plan, by Jean Abelanet who discovered, in this place, a station Chalcolithique having delivered Pyrenean campaniform ceramics, an interesting lithic series and furniture various, authorizing to believe in an uninterrupted occupation, on nearly 3000 years, of the Vérazien, towards 2500 years before J. - C., with the Middle Ages, 9th century.

An anonymous author having lived with the Country of Kerrétanie, probably at our Christian era, composed a long poem epic, in twelve songs, heading Sacræ Mysticus ac Legendarii Litteræ Universalis Canigonensis , being able to result in the Mythical one and legendary Testament of Universal Canigou , and a Epistulæ AD Tribes Canigonensis ex Genus mortales , or the Lettre with the Men of the tribes of Canisgonis , Canigou. “They were eight these secondary tribes and, finally, the eighth which named Campisllanos, in the vast plain covered with large forests, and its sons, like their wives, with all the male children, and all the female children, and all lived, and all slept in large crypts which were deep. They had dug them in clay cliff, at the edge of thundering and mugissantes and coléreuses water, of the river which one called, for these reasons, Ruskinon”.

The Campellanes locality was mentioned under the toponym of villa Campillani , Campillano , Campillanus , into 682,711 and 877.

Administration

Demography

Places and monuments

Personalities related to the commune

See too

Common of the Eastern Pyrenees

External bonds

Soler on the site of the national geographical Institute
Soler on the site of INSEE
Soler on the site of Quid
Localization of Soler on a chart of France and communes bordering
Plane on Soler on Mapquest

Sources

Soler, shade and light, carries Valley of the Small fireclay cup
Pierre Ponsich, Répertoire of the inhabited places of Roussillon
Abbé Roudière, the echo of Soler (May 1907)
Abbé Jean Gibrat, a Dominican parish in Roussillon (1916)
Edouard Cutting, My village Soler (1968)

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