Soft matter
The soft matter gathers states of the Matière or materials knowing a strong answer for a very weak control signal. For example, the Liquid crystals: Molécule S present in a fine film of the screen are reorientated by application of a very weak electric Tension.
The term soft matter was invented by Madeleine Veyssié, close collaborator of Pierre-Gilles of Genoa at his laboratory of the Collège de France.
The Physique of the soft matter describes the properties of Fluide S complexes and of the molecular systems organized which are often intermediate between those of the Liquide S and those of the solid S. All these systems has an important susceptibility compared to the external requests and the interactions concerned between objects are about the thermal excitation , so that the thermal fluctuations play a big role. The relevant scales of size are in the field Mésoscopique between 1nm and 100nm. The interfaces often play a fundamental role. The studied systems include the Polymère S, the Liquid crystals, the Colloïdes, the Tensioactif S, the adhesion and the damping.
Pierre-Gilles of Genoa, obtains its Nobel Prize of physics in 1991 for its work on the study of the soft matter.
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