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Pierre Loti (name of birth Louis Marie Julien Viaud ) is a French writer. He was born with Rochefort the January 14th 1850, died in Hendaye the June 10th 1923 and buried with the island of Oléron.

Naval officer, his voyages inspired many of its novels to him, of which one of most known is Pêcheur of Iceland . It is also known for its admiration towards the Turkey.

Biography

Pierre Loti is the third child of Theodore Viaud, rate collector and of Nadine Texier. During part of its childhood it remains in the small town of Bretenoux in the Lot, during school vacations of summer of 1861 with 1864. The memories of this period are described in its last works like: the Novel of a child , earliest youth or Diary .

In 1867, it enters to the Naval college of Brest. In 1870, year of the death of his/her father, it takes the sea like candidate of first class and takes part on a corvette of the navy in the war against the Germany. In 1872, it discovers Tahiti at the time of a stopover and writes the Mariage of Parcelled out . It had received from the Pomaré queen the nickname of Parcelled out (name of a flower tropical) and held with a certain reserve because of its quality of naval officer, it will adopt this pseudonym starting from 1876.

In 1877, at the time of a stay in Turkey, it meets Aziyadé, beautiful and silent odalisque with the green eyes, with which it will live an immense passion. Aziyadé was a young person Circassienne who belonged to the Harem of a Turkish dignitary. They lived a very great history of love. Before the departure of Parcelled out Pierre, Aziyadé made a ring by using its own jewels and offered it to his/her lover. Later, when Pierre Loti could return to Constantinople, it launched out in the search of its beloved but it discovered that she had died of sorrow. For it, in 1879, he writes Aziyadé which one of the more beautiful stories of love is ever written and in 1892 he writes Fantôme the East which is an ultimate homage to the phantom which forever ceased haunting its heart. Some critical (like Roland Barthes) evoking the homosexuality of Parcelled out Pierre, explain why the character of Aziyadé would be actually an young man. As for Marcel Proust describing the young girls in flower, who were actually the young people hidden under female pseudonyms.

In 1880, it returns to Stamboul. In 1881, it is promoted lieutenant and publishes its first novel signed “Pierre Loti”, the Novel of Spahi . In May 1883, it embarks on the Atalante to take part in the countryside of Tonkin and publishes the account, hour per hour, of the catch of Hooted in Three Days of war in Ass , text which appears in the columns of the Figaro . Parcelled out is then put of availability by the government of Jules Ferry who reproaches him ferocity and cruelty that it allots to the French soldiers. In 1886, it publishes its second great success Pêcheur of Iceland and on October 21st it marries Blanche Frankly Tool bag which will give birth in 1889 to his/her Samuel son.

He is elected with the French Academy with armchair 13, on May 21st, 1891 with the sixth ballot by 18 votes out of 35 voters against Emile Zola to replace Octave Layer. Then candidate, selected by his service, it was exempted visits. He was accepted on April 7th, 1892 by Alfred Mézières. There remains the only academician who was able to carry out a back salto on the back of a horse, because he was also clown with the Etruscan Circus in 1878 and acrobat with the Frediani Circus in 1895 (he was the godfather of Adolphe Frediani, wire of the Willy Director). Very proud of its body, it sent to all the academicians a photograph of him where only its sex is dissimulated.

In 1893, it makes the meeting of Crucita Gainza, Basque origin. For it, starting from 1894, it rents with Hendaye, a house which it will name “ Bachar-Etchea ” known as “the house of the recluse”. In 1895, Crucita Gainza gives rise to his/her Raymond son.

In 1896, his/her mother Nadine Texier-Viaud dies. In 1898, it buys the house known as of the grandmothers, his/her aunts, in the island of Oléron, in which Pierre Loti remained in his earliest youth and at various times of his life. Between 1900 and 1902, it is put in retirement then réintrégré in the navy for which it remains in Asia, which will enable him to write the Last Days of Beijing (1902) and India without the English (1903). As from this same year, it remains twenty month again with Stamboul, the Constantinople in charge of the East, “the single city in the world”, to prepare Towards Ispahan (1904). In 1910, it remains in Stamboul and supports the candidature of the modernistic historian Louis Duchesne elected for armchair 36. In 1913, of return to Stamboul, it fights against the dismantling of the Ottoman Empire wanted by the western powers and publishes failing Turkey .

It repurchased then restored the castle of Rochecourbon (common of Saint-Porchaire), at the time with the abandonment.

He dies, the June 10th 1923 with Hendaye and after national funeral is buried in the house of its aïeux. Shortly after its death is published extracts, in collaboration with his/her Samuel son, of its diary under the title a young poor officer .

It is Grand-Croix of the Légion of honor.

Analyzes

Each one of its novels corresponds to a different country. It is a study on each country. It is immersed in the culture where it travels. It has a vision of the otherness which is not intellectual but sensitive (tested feelings). According to him, there is nothing any more to make on our premises; thus it leaves abroad to find what exalter (nihilist vision of the world).

Its greater fascination went to the Ottoman Empire, where the tolerance merges with the sensuality. The women are the required passage to know other civilization. Pierre Parcelled out research exoticism through the women. It is in search of a certain purity in the contact with the foreign women (myth of a primitive purity which must regenerate the western world). The exoticism of Parcelled out is not a dialog with the other: it is melted rather with the other, it thus does not act of tolerance.

Parcelled out Pierre and homosexuality

Homosexuality was one of the concerns of Pierre Loti. He even would have tested a sharp affection for one of his/her Naval schoolmates, which would have caused a great irritation of his/her father. The brothers Goncourt ( Newspaper , Flammarion, 1959, T. 4, p. 227) evoke Loti while saying of him: “This author, whose amante, in its first novel, (Aziyadé), is a Mister…” (see Ci above). Louis Godbout, in Outlines and vices (Montreal 2002) provides other examples. In My brother Yves Parcelled out Pierre described the pure friendship between Yves Kermadec and the officer, but evokes the homosexual practices supporting characters. The press of the time was not mistaken there. A satirical newspaper, the Laughter , published a drawing showing a lady of the world saying to a friend: “You, isn't this comes to dine? We have Loti and his new Yves brother”. Analyzing the Diary (the erudite Indies, 2006) Nicolas Bauche underlines “a desire to hide its male friendships with Joseph Bernard and Pierre the Horn, with the profit of pages pouring in a frank heterosexuality”.

Works

1879 : Aziyadé , testimony of its passion and a beautiful story of love. With this book Pierre Loti had also turned over the Western opinion in favor of the Turks. (to read)
1880: Rarahu
1881 : the Novel of a spahi , first novel signed " Pierre Loti" being located at the Senegal.
1882 : the Marriage of Parcelled out (Rarahu). Flowers of trouble. Pasquala Ivanovitch , written in 1872, this novel met a sharp success.
1883 : Three days of war in Ass
1883: My brother Yves , being located in Brittany.
1884 : Three Ladies of the Kasbah
1886: Fishing of Iceland , where it describes the life of the Breton fishermen, a great success for which it obtains the Vitet price. (to read)
1887: Mrs Chrysanthème , an immense success and Matter of exile
1889: Japoneries of autumn
1890: In Morocco and the Novel of a child , autobiographical text where the author tells his childhood. (to read)
1891: the Book of pity and dead the . The study of Anatole France on the Book of Pity and Dead the , new in bookstore, had been published in the number of August 8th, 1891 of the newspaper the illustrated Universe , during the first publication of this work.
1892 : Phantom of the East , continuation of Aziyadé and ultimate homage to the phantom which forever ceased haunting its heart.
1893 : Exiled the and the Sailor
1894: the Desert. Jerusalem and Galileo
1897: Ramuntcho , being located at the Basque Country and Figures and things which passed
1898: Judith Renaudin
1899: Reflections of the dark road
1902: Last Days of Beijing
1903: India without the English
1904: Towards Ispahan
1905: the Third Youth of Mrs Prune
1906: Disillusioned the , a great success.
1909 : the Death of Philæ .
1910 : the Castle of Beautiful with Wood sleeping
1912: a pilgrim of Angkor
1913: failing Turkey
1916: the Hyena mad
1917: Some aspects of the giddiness world
1918: German Horror and Massacres of Arménie
1919: earliest youth
1920: the Death of our dear France in the East expresses its incomprehension and its reprobation vis-a-vis the dismantling of the Ottoman Empire.
1921 : Supreme visions of the East
1923: a young poor officer
1924: Letters in Juliette Adam
1925: Diary (1878-1881) , first part
1929: Diary (1882-1885) , second part and new Correspondence (1865-1904)

Some of its works are freely downloadable from here.

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