Sindhia

See also: Sindia

The Sindhia or Sindia were the reigning family marathe of Ujjain and Gwâlior, a ex- princely state of the India.

The dynasty is founded by Rânojî Sindhia that the Peshwa Bâjî Râo Ier had named with the head of the Mâlvâ in 1726 after the conquest of the area by the Marathe S. Rânojî installs its capital with Gwâlior and creates its dynasty. The State de Gwalior becomes a major regional power during the last half of the 18th century, taking part in the three Guerres anglo-marathes, controlling the nervousness of the kingdoms Rajput of the area and making the conquest of the State of Amber.

Beaten with the marathes by the British in 1761 in the Battle of Pânipat, they however see their independence recognized by their winners by the treaty of Salby or Salbai of 1783. At the beginning of the 19th century, with their traditional allies, they seize Âgrâ and control the Empereur moghol, being subtituant thanks to their powerful army with the capacity of Delhi. However, their capacity is undermined by interior conflicts and the British impose to them, by the treaty of Surjî Arjungaûn of the December 30th 1803, the release of the emperor. Their power will be henceforth decreasing and in 1844, they become the râja of a vassal princely State of the British Raj.

Sindhia reign on Gwâlior until the independence of India in 1947 and the integration of their territory in the new Indian state of Madhya Bharat in 1950.

1727 - 1750: Rânojî Râo Sindhia
1750 - 1759: Jayapa Râo Sindhia, wire of the precedent, are assassinated in 1759.
1759 - 1761: Jankojî Râo I Sindhia, second wire of Rânojî.
1761 : Tukojî Râo I Sindhia, third wire of Rânojî.
1761 - 1794: Mahâdâjî Râo I Sindhia (Mâdhava), fourth wire of Rânojî. It puts at its service French officers, like of Boigne and with their assistance the army marathe reorganizes. In 1771, it takes Delhi and gives on the throne the emperor Shâh Âlam II, reversed by the Rohilla. He knows two defeats vis-a-vis the British in 1780 and 1785 and in front of the Holkar in 1792.
1794 - 1827: Daulat Râo Sindhia, beats Nizâ Alî but knows also the defeat in front of Holkar led by Jasvant Râo in 1802
1827 - 1843: Jânkojî Râo II Sindhia (Mukki Râo)
1843 - 1866: Jayâjî Râo Sindhia (Jiajî Râo) goes up on the throne after having fought at the side of the British against the usurper Dada Khasgîwala (1843 - 1844). It is attacked by the râni Lakshmî Bâî during the Révolte of Cipayes and must take refuge in Âgrâ. It is reinstalled on its throne by the British who end up reversing it with the profit of Dinkar.
1866 - 1886: Dinkar Râo Sindhia
1886 - 1925: Mâdhava Râo II Sindhia
1925 - 1947: George Jîvâjî Râo Sindhia

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