Silvio Berlusconi to listen to the pronunciation (born the September 29th 1936 with Milan), is a business man and a Politician Italy N. President of the Council Italy N of the May 10th 1994 with the January 17th 1995 and of the June 11th 2001 with the May 16th 2006. He was also Minister for the Health of the March 10th 2006, following the resignation of Francesco Storace, with the May 16th 2006.
The business man
Wire of a bank manager, Silvio Berlusconi begins her career in 1960 as contractor in the field of the building and like promoter, associated with Pietro Canali within the company " Cantieri Riuniti Milanesi S.p.a". It built the center " Edilnord" , then " Milano 2" , " Milano 3" and the " Girasole".
In 1965, it marries in first weddings Carla Dell' Oglio, with which it has two children:
It remarie then with a Actress of cinema, Veronica Lario, which gives him three children:- Barbara (1984).
- Eleonora (1986).
- Luigi (1988).
Marina is currently vice-president of the Fininvest, Piersilvio is vice-president of Mediaset and chair Rti, the company which controls its activities in television.
In 1978, it inaugurates " Telemilano" , the cable television of Milano 2 which very quickly diffuses its emissions in all the Lombardy, then founded the Fininvest, parent company of the group, to which all its activities in the sector of television will be attached.
In 1980, it founds Canale 5, the first private television channel with the national scales, then repurchases the chains Italia 1 with the Rusconi group (1982) and Rete 4 with the group Mondadori (1984). At once after it widens in Europe: it repurchases the Five in France (1986), then Telefünf in Germany (1987) and Telecinco in Spain (1989).
In 1986, it buys the football club Milan AC. Dealing personally with this one, always near to the various trainers (Sacchi, Capello, Ancelotti,) and to the players (in particular Maldini, Leonardo, Schevchenko, Kaká), he is many successes, including 7 cuts of Europe. In the sector of the insurances and financial products, it has the companies Mediolanum and Programma Italia . The group Fininvest is the second Italian private group.
In 1989, it also enters in the editor Mondadori, becoming the principal Italian editor of books and periodicals. With the Medusa and Cinema 5 , he becomes also the first producer and distributer of Italian cinema.
The majority share (75%) of Endemol, held by Telefonica, will be sold with a consortium made up of Mediaset, the group of Silvio Berlusconi and Goldman Sachs for an amount of 2,629 billion euros (Advertisement of Telefonica on May 14th, 2007).
In its List of the billionaires of the world, the Forbes Magazine quotes it as being the richest person of Italy, with an inheritance estimated at 12 billion dollars (in 2004).
Friend of the former president of the Council Bettino Craxi, Socialist, it was shown to have profited from political supports in his career of contractor. Its name was found in the long list of the maconnic P2, secret Loge, (chart 1816, E.19.78 code, group 17, booklet 0625, date of adhesion January 26th 1978). The beginning of the operation anti-corruption known as Mani pulite , directed exclusively against the socialist party and the Christian Democrat, seems to be one of the imperative reasons of its political commitment.
The politician
Victory of 1994
In 1994, it decides to enter in policy (the descent ), and is presented to the political elections (legislative) which it gains with the party that it created especially, Forza Italia, but little month after it must resign of its functions of head of government, because of the defection of its ally, the Ligue of the North ( Northern Lega ) which passes to the opposition (what the Italians call a ribaltone ). The same year, start the many searchings (more than 560) of all the seats of the companies of the Fininvest group, and it president of the Council in exercise receives, whereas it governs Naples a congress of UNO on criminality, an invitation to appear before the judge of Milan. For this episode, of which it was fully bleached by a withdrawal of case, it carried felt sorry for in front of the parquet floor of Brescia against the pool of judges de Milan for offense to a body of the State, offense envisaged by article 289 of the Italian penal code (felt sorry for remained without continuation).
In 1997, it is cured of a tumor. in 1999 it elected member of the European Parliament
Victory of 2001
In June 2001, it finds the president's functions of the Council to the head of a right government in an electoral coalition called “house of freedoms” ( Casa delle Libertà ) which gathers Forza Italia, the National alliance ( Alleanza Nazionale , left ex-néo-fascist), UDC, the Ligue of north ( Northern Lega , left xenophobe initially in favor of the scission the country) and other parties less important (NPSI and PRI). Since, it is the President of the Council whose mandate is longest of all the history of the Republic.
Its IIe government which began the June 11th 2001, continued, in spite of crises minor and constant (19 modifications in the composition of the government, with changed key positions, like those of the Foreign affairs, of the Economy, the vice-presidency of the Council, Interior, Reforms), without interruption until the April 20th 2005 - what makes of it the longest Italian government of the post-war period.
As of the April 15th 2005, it passes through the most serious crisis, with the departure of the government of two parties of which Christian Democrats of the Union of the Christian democrats (UDC). It ended up presenting its resignation to the President of the Republic, Carlo Azeglio Ciampi, the April 20th 2005 which accepted it, with reserve, either to try to form a government Berlusconi (a) (without these two old allies), or to ask anticipated general elections (who would take place in this case in June 2005).
The April 22nd 2005, with 18:30, the President of the Republic charges it with forming a new government which should also include/understand Ministers for the Union of the Christian democrats. The April 23rd, to 12 noon 50, it presents its list of 26 Ministers for the Berlusconi '' (a) '', with very little of changes, if not the arrival of Giulio Tremonti in the place of Marco Follini at the post of vice-president of the Council and the creation of a new ministry, without wallet, for the the Mezzogiorno.
The defeat of 2006
The parliamentary elections of 2006, after the five years of government of Berlusconi, oppose the president of the Council outgoing to the head of the coalition of " the House of Freedoms " , of right-hand side, and the active Unione, coalition of the catholics of the center-left to the Communists of the PRC (Partito della Rifondazione Communista), led by Romano Prodi (chosen by all the left during “primary educations” having gathered several million people).The countryside starts in a conventional way but the surveys show a delay growing for Berlusconi. It then changes its method to return to the traditions of the Commedia dell' arte which appear the abroads of a rare violence. Silvio Berlusconi conducts an offensive campaign, constant by the television channels which it has: it is emphasized better than Romano Prodi. Nanni Moretti says whereas it is a “very aggressive campaign”, and that the imbalance of speaking time is comparable to “a runner which one would let leave with 800 m in advance in a race one kilometer”. Vis-a-vis " It Professore" , considered austere and discrete, the chief of the government, populist according to the press of left, agitates the fear of the Communists and goes until treating “assholes” those which would vote for the left (several partisans of the left had fun thereafter to use as slogan of gathering “I am a asshole”). At the last minute of a televised debate, he improvises the promise - judged by too much ambitious - of a total suppression of the tax of dwelling. Romano Prodi is based on its reputation of man integrates and his control of the files and denounces the economic assessment of Berlusconi and its political amorality. Another explanation, advanced the evening of the elections by Fausto Bertinotti was alleged “a cultural hegemony” of the left which encouraged voters of Berlusconi not to be declared like such at the time of the surveys (phenomenon similar to that which, in France concerns the voters of the National front).
The results of the elections are extremely tight. The first estimates give a broad victory to Romano Prodi but very quickly the variation is tightened and Silvio Berlusconi passes by again at the head. Finally, Unione gains the House of Commons with a short advance of only 24.000 votes and it is necessary to await the votes of the Italians from abroad to give him the victory to the Sénat.
But Silvio Berlusconi obstinately refuses to recognize her defeat, launching out in multiple charges of fraud and irregularities which cause the recount of several tens of thousands of ballot papers. After the official proclamation of the results and the confirmation of the victory of Prodi, he announces that he will launch out in a wild opposition and that he will make very to prevent to it center-left from controlling.
Romano Prodi replaced it with the head of the Council after its nomination by Giorgio Napolitano, new president of the Republic elected by the Parliament to succeed Carlo Azeglio Ciampi
The November 26th 2006, it is taken of a faintness in full speech with the platform of a room of Toscane. It is then evacuated in the helicopter towards its property of Macherio. A few hours later, it goes in a hospital of Milan to undergo examinations there and to spend the night there. This one was calm and without complication. It leaves the establishment after having undergoes several other series of tests in the day of the November 29th.
The December 18th, it is hospitalized and operated in an American hospital where it is made pose a Pacemaker.
The patron
Collector of tables and art (Tintoret, Canaletto, Cascella), it is impassioned by antiquities and botany, but especially by the Light music: he likes the French songs particularly; in its youth it was, with his friend Fedele Confalonieri, organizer and singer aboard steamers of cruising of the company Costa Crociere; Confalonieri played of the piano, Berlusconi sang while being accompanied with the guitar and the double bass. Its passion for the books led it, whereas he had become the principal Italian editor, to personally deal with the edition of many works, among which: The Praise of the madness of Érasme of Rotterdam, the Utopia of Thomas More, the Prince of Machiavel with the annotations of Napoleon, Of hominis dignitate of Giovanni Pico della Mirandola, the Città LED plate of Tommaso Campanella, the Proclamation of the Communist party of Marx and Engels, the Spaccio beyond bestia trionfante of Giordano Bruno.
He has the Villa San Martino with Arcore, close to Milan and luxurious the Villa Certosa, whose field is vaster than that of the Vatican, with Oporto Rotondo (Sardinia), and where he sumptuously invited several Heads of State, of which Vladimir Poutine and Tony Blair.
Its legal affairs
Silvio Berlusconi was continued in nearly ten businesses for Corruption, Tax evasion, Faux in assessment or illicit Financement of political party. It has several times condemned in first authority but always was released in call or profited from the Prescription.
Place P2
Silvio Berlusconi was member of the cabin Propaganda Due. In the business Propaganda Due, it was condemned for perjury to have denied its membership but it since profited from regulation thanks to one of its laws cut to measure.
Business EMS
In legal affair known as EMS of the name of a semi-public agro-alimentary Italian group repurchased at an advantageous price, Sylvio Berlusconi would have paid particularly important sums of its own account of the Fininvest on that of the Italian judge in charge of this business, through the account in Suisse of its lawyer, Cesare Previti. Sylvio Berlusconi would have thus bribed judges to block the sale of EMS at the Italian company Buitoni pertaining to the industrialist Carlo De Benedetti.
The parquet floor of Milan highlighted a transfer of 434.000 dollars towards Switzerland, which had reconsidered in 1991 the account of the Roman judge Renato Squillante. This element could not be useful against Silvio Berlusconi because the facts were prescribed.
In December 2004, Silvio Berlusconi was released but its lawyer Cesare Previti is condemned to 5 years of prison firm and the judge corrupted at 7 years. The Italian law was amended by the Italian Parliament, which voted a law which does not envisage the execution of the prison for condemned of more than 70 years. Cesare Previti has just celebrated its 70e birthday. In November 2006, the Italian Court of appeal cancelled the sorrow of Cesare Previti for territorial incompetence but on April 27th, 2007, a Milanese Court of Appeal discharged Silvio Berlusconi in business EMS, maintaining the payment pronounced in first authority in 2004.
A law adopted by its government stipulated that it could not be rejugé, but this one was declared contrary with the constitution in 2006, giving to the prosecutors the opportunity of a judgment in call. The 26 pctobre 2007, the Italian Court of appeal definitively discharged Silvio Berlusconi in the business of the fallen through sale of agroalimentary company EMS (Affaire EMS).
Gangster collusion?
One of its right-hand men, the senator Marcello Dell' Utri was condemned the December 11th 2004, in first authority, at nine years of prison for gangster corruption.
Business David Mills
In March 2005, its probity is again questioned, as a suborner of judicial documents. According to the prosecutors Alfredo Robledo and Fabio De Pasquale, via its company Fininvest, it would have poured 600.000 dollars in 1997 with British lawyer David Mills (husband of Tessa Jowell then Ministre for the British Culture), in exchange of false witnesses and of the destruction of documents at the time of two lawsuits brought against him in 1997 and 1998 (business known as of the repurchase of the rights television of Mediaset).
Already accused of the False in assessment and Tax evasion in this business, its situation would be worsened by this Subornation of witness. The investigation was to finish the March 23rd 2005, but will undoubtedly be prolonged six months by the judge with the preliminary investigations. Silvio Berlusconi was quoted to appear at the beginning of December by the parquet floor of Milan: it did not go to this convocation.
The British lawyer would have declared with the prosecutors: “Semi auguro sarà chiaro che I miei rapporti idiot it gruppo Fininvest erano strettamente professionali, che ogni not summoned da me ricevuta E pienamente giustificata E che if può certo to say che io sia May stato addomesticato O “comperato”” (I hope that it will be clear that my relationship with the Fininvest group was strictly professional, that each nap that I perceived is entirely justified and which it is impossible to say that I was tamed or “bought”). David Mills, it should be recalled, before being placed under investigation for this business, had already testified at the time of three lawsuits with Berlusconi: All Iberian, Guardia di Finanza and EMS (at the time of an audience which was held with London).
The March 10th 2006, the Parquet of Milan claims the behavior of a lawsuit against Silvio Berlusconi in the business of Corruption supposed also implying the husband of the Minister for the British Culture. Berlusconi is continued for “corruption in judicial documents”. It is suspected of having poured 600.000 dollars with British business lawyer David Mills in exchange of false witnesses and destruction of documents at the time of two lawsuits brought against him in 1997 and 1998. This advertisement falls to most badly for the president from the Italian Council in one month from the legislative elections from the 9 and April 10th, which it loses vis-a-vis the Union of the left higher.
The October 30th 2006, the judge of the preliminary audiences of Milan, Fabio Paparella, returned it, like its lawyer the Britannique David Mills, in front of justice for corruption as regards judicial documents . The judge reproaches David Mills for having made several false witnesses in favor of Silvio Berlusconi at the time of two lawsuits implying the Fininvest.
Silvio Berlusconi and David Mills appear in October 2007 before the court of Milan for this business. The sorrows incurred by the two defendants go from four to twelve years of prison.
Business Mediaset
The parquet floor of Milan required, the April 26th 2005, the reference of Silvio Berlusconi and twelve other people in a business of rebroadcast rights relating to Mediaset, its group of television.
Silvio Berlusconi, who controls the Mediaset group through her holding Fininvest, is shown forgery in assessment, tax evasion and abuse of corporate asset, within the framework of a judicial enquiry which began in June 2001. The president of the group Mediaset, Fedele Confalonieri, old friend of Mr. Berlusconi belongs to the people for whom a reference was required, at the end of an investigation led by the examining magistrates Alfredo Robledo and Fabio De Pasquale.
Berlusconi had been registered in the register of the people put under investigation (Italian equivalent of the Mise in examination) the February 19th 2003. The magistrates estimate that Mediaset artificially inflated, through companies screens Off-shore, the purchase prices of the rights of American film diffusion.
Thanks to these operations, the group pertaining to Silvio Berlusconi would have succeeded in constituting black cases abroad and reducing in Italy the benefit of Mediaset in order to pay less taxes. Between 1994 and 1995, right before its going public, the company would have thus inflated of 171 million Dollar S the price of films acquired with the the United States.
The rebroadcast rights of films and programs television were acquired in the United States by two companies screens. Marina and Piersilvio Berlusconi, the two elder children of Silvio Berlusconi who occupy of the management positions with Fininvest and Mediaset, were also implied in this investigation but their file was disjoins remainder of the instruction. Mediaset was always defended to have defrauded, underlining with various recoveries, that “the cinematographic rights were acquired to the market prices”.
Telecinco business
In 1997, Spanish justice was interested in a business of tax evasion related to the Spanish television channel Telecinco. Silvio Berlusconi is suspected of having covered a fraud of about 108 million euros between 1990 and 1993 whereas he was vice-president of the company Gestevision holder of Telecinco. In September 2006, Silvio Berlusconi having lost her parliamentary privilege following her defeat of with the legislative elections of April 2005, the Spanish judge Balthazar Garzon reopened the investigation.
Berlusconi and France
Berlusconi is particularly attached to France, country which he knows well. It has a perfect command of French. Its popularity in rather weak France east nevertheless, in particular near the media. One can see several reasons there.
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the first east can be due to its character and its behavior: Silvio Berlusconi with the practice to express itself in the political life as into private. Thus one regularly sees it igniting in front of a football game of Milan AC, or making the horns of the " cocu" with a Spanish minister on the " photograph of famille" Summit of Lisbon. He does not hesitate to treat the voters of his political adversaries of " couillons".
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If Berlusconi is disparaged in the French press of left, it either is not very appreciated by the traditional press of right-hand side.
Quotations
- “These judges are doubly disturbed. They are it initially politically. Then, they are it by nature. To do this work, it is necessary to be mentally disturbed, it is necessary to have mental health disorders. ” (Maintenance for a British newspaper in connection with Italian justice)
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“I think that so citizens were not to confirm a mayor and her team which have work as well (...), they all should be hospitalized for mental handicap. ” (In connection with the citizens which would not vote for its coalition of right-hand side at the time of the municipal elections with Palermo)
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President of the the Council of Europe lately elected, it caused a glare with the the European Parliament the July 2nd 2003 by suggesting with the vice-president (German) social democrat group Martin Schulz which had criticized it, finding to him in a film a role of Kapo “which would suit him very well. ”
References
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