Sialk

Tepe Sialk , located in the suburbs of the town of Kashan, in the center of the Iran, is an archeological site whose bases of occupation go from the V {{E}} with the OJ, with a later phase to III It is divided into two large such: the northern Tel., in the past populated, and the southern, more recent Tel.

This site was excavated in the Années 1930 by Roman Ghirshman. It is currently the object of new excavations, under the direction of an Iranian team.

Such north

The northern Tel. includes/understands two levels: Sialk I and Sialk II. The architecture of level I is rather rudimentary. Tombs containing of the potteries were updated. Ceramics is with the rather rough departure, then becomes of better quality with time. Under-periods 3,4 and 5, one found clear potteries with painted decoration. The tools are still out of stone or bone. The level Sialk II sees the appearance of the metallurgy. The archaeological material found in the masonries of this period testify to bonds growing with outside.

Such south

The southern Tel. includes/understands the levels Sialk III and IV. The first, divided into seven under-periods, corresponds to the 5th millenium and the beginning of 4th. This period is in continuity with the preceding one, and sees the complexification of architecture (moulded bricks, use of the stone) and artisanant it, in particular metallurgical.

The level Sialk IV begins in second half of the 4th millenium to be completed with the abandonment of the site at the beginning of thousand-year-old IIIè. This phase is in the horizon proto-élamite, as attests it the discovery of shelves in Proto-élamite in Tepe Sialk, and the resemblances between the material delivered by this site and that of Suse III (level proto-élamite). For the older under-periods of the period Sialk IV, one notes bonds with civilizations Mésopotamie of Uruk and Djemdet Nasr.

On the level Sialk IV, one also finds the ruins of what would be oldest Ziggourat world, makes a " rather of it; large terrasse" as one finds some elsewhere on the Iranian Plate at the same time. Unfortunately, the ruins of this old vestige of more than 5000 years are in quite bad condition. There is in fact two structures situees has several tens of meters one of the other. The three platforms of largest the ziggourat are however always in place. Little remains the smallest structure.

After an abandonment of more than one millenium, the site of Sialk is re-occupied in second half of the 2nd millenium. This last phase of occupation of the site is divided into two periods: Sialk V and Sialk VI. The archaeological material of these two levels was especially found in two necropoles, said necropolis has and necropolis B. the first represents the level Sialk V. One found there weapons and other objects out of bronze, jewels, and some objects out of iron. Ceramics is of color gray-black, or red, with sometimes some decorations which consist of geometrical reasons, and which can be close to that of the sites of the Gorgan (Tureng Tepe, Tepe Hissar). In the necropolis B, level Sialk VI, the tombs are covered with flagstones, whereas those of the necropolis has were simple holes dug in the ground filled by ground. One found there weapons out of bronze, some others out of iron, and bits, harnessings, showing that these tombs are those of riders. The ceramics most representative of this site consists of vases with long nozzle, painted geometrical or animalist reasons. The site is abandoned at the beginning of thousand-year-old Ier. One generally sees in the occupants of this site of Proto-Iranian, ancestors of the Mèdes and the Perses, which arrive in Western Iran since the Central Asia at this period.

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