Shooting with the arc

Historic insight

Since 10 at least 000 years, the shooting with the arc was practiced to drive out, and to make the war, then the appearance of the firearms causes the end of the military use of the arc. The shooting with the arc becomes a leisure then a sport with whole share. One of the first competitions is held in 1583, in England, with more than 3000 participants.

For the 19th century one is used oneself of the arc for the leisures, although the use for hunting does not disappear completely.

A competition of shooting to the arc formed already part of the Olympic Games of 1900,1904,1908 and 1920 then, after a long interruption, the shooting with the arc was reintroduced there in 1972.

In 1931, the first international organization is born with Lwow in Poland, where France, the Czech Republic, Sweden, Hungary, Italy, Poland and the United States create the International federation of Shooting to the Arc (FITA), to which 130 countries adhere today. The FITA is represented in France by the FFTA (French federation of Shooting to the Arc), in Belgium by the Belgian Federation of Shooting to the Arc, in Canada by the Canadian Federation of the Archers, in Switzerland by the Swiss Association of Shooting to Arc (ASTA-SBV).

In 1966, the IFAA (International Field Archery Association) is born in the United States. Its goal is to promote the natural shooting (field archery), it remains close to a spirit drives out. It is represented in France by the FFTL (French federation of Shooting Free), in Switzerland by the FAAS (Field Archery Association Switzerland), in Canada by the Canadian Federation of archers (FCA).

History of the companies of arc

It is in 1448 that Charles VII creates the Companies of franc-archers. Those are exempted taxes and are maintained by the cities. They have a role of defense of the cities.

Towards 1500, the arrival of the Arquebuse involves a progressive disappearance of the warlike use of the arc.

The French revolution dissolves the companies of arc by decrees of the National Assembly in 1789, consequently the large one majoritée of the archers are incorporated in the National guard. The Knighthood of arc reforms companies but without military statutes. As of 1797 the company of Fontainebleau takes again body. Starting from this date, the shooting with the arc becomes a play.

Towards 1850, the companies gather in families.

In France, the companies have the statute of associations law of 1901.

Various types of arc

The arcs used nowadays do not have anything any more to see with their ancestors. Wood was often replaced by carbon or glass fibers and aluminum. They are equipped with a sight, of rest-arrow, stabilizers and, for some, of cams (pulleys whose axis is excentré) which multiplies by ten the force of the gunner. Thus, at the time of the competitions, the arrows slip by towards the target at a speed being able to exceed 300 km/h.

Among the modern arcs, one distinguishes several types of arc:

long arcs or longbow , descendants of the English arcs, not having that only one curve of branch;
arcs with pulleys or arcs compound (“compound”): a system of pulleys makes it possible to gear down the force, an asymmetrical pulley makes it possible to have a good acceleration at the time of stripping, as well as a force of maintains weaker.
the traditional arc “recurve”: arc used today in traditional competition category (only Olympic category currently); the form known as “recurve” (bent branches) also exists for the arcs drives out (“cast solid” or not).

For detailed informations

Various practices

There exist two federations of shooting to the arc with international level FITA (International federation of Shooting to the Arc) and IFAA (International Field Archery Association) which have rules of different competitions and the same materials at the time of the competitions do not authorize. These rules are in constant evolution.

In all the practices of FITA and affiliated enumerated below, the candidate must draw his flight in an assigned time. During the shootings in team (3 gunners), time is timed whereas the gunners follow one another on the launching pad. In the same way, the distances and the sizes from blazons are worth only for certain categories of archers: juniors, juniors, seniors, veterans and super-veterans. Time assigned to strip a flight of 6 arrows in shooting FITA is 4 minutes. The categories of arcs authorized vary according to the competition.

Practical IFAA especially of the natural shooting, but with a double marking. The majority of the competitions are made unbounded time, but timed courses can be integrated in a competition. There are categories of shooting for all the types of arcs: compound with or without sight, with or without decochor, recurve (traditional arc) with or without sight, for these categories the length of a possible stabilizer is limited and longbow - always without sight and stabilizer. Another characteristic: there is no preselection for the international championships, any archer is accepted within the limit of the places available. A one day contest contains usually 2 courses of 14 targets with a maximum of 560 points for the day.

The shooting in room

A. - international Discipline, FITA

In competition, the shooting in room is practiced with 18 m on blazons of 40 cm or on “trispots” (three aligned blazons, equivalent to the central zones of the blazon of 40 cm), in two series of 30 arrows by flights of three arrows (on the trispots, an arrow by spot). For the young people of the tiny category, youngest child in traditional arc and the youngest children, tiny and juniors in " arc nu" they are blazons or trispots of 60 cm of diameter. Since 2007, the young people " poussins" can contribute and must draw on blazons from 80 cm of diameter.

B. - Discipline Olympic

Shooting on target in the open air, flat ground (e.g. a sports ground). It is about the Olympic discipline . The shooting is practiced with distances from 70,50 and 30 Mr. the distance is limited to 50 for the tiny ones and 30 for the youngest children, on Blason of 1,22 m (of 90 and 70 m), and 80 cm (of 50 and 30 m). 144 arrows are drawn of 24 flights from six arrows, 6 flights per distance.

Currently (in France only) the FITA draws for the adults with 70 m, in two series of 6 flights of 6 arrows, in accordance with the Olympic payment, this is why it is sometimes also called Tir 2x70m . The four distances, 90,70,50 and 30 m are not practiced any more but during one shooting named FITA STAR .

With the Olympic Games, one draws only with the distance of 70 meters, on targets of 122 cm and only with one traditional arc.

C. Federal Shooting, FFTA

Discipline purely French, practiced a long time in two shootings (or distances) from 50 and 30 meters, it is now copied on the FITA 2x70m and draws only in two series from 36 arrows to 50 meters on blazons from 122 centimetres. Since, this shooting is called Tir External 2x50 Mr. official Appellation of the FFTA (Guide source of the Referee).

D. Shooting in room, IFAA

A “ Flint indoor round ” draws on targets field: 56 arrows at distances between 10 and 30 yards. In “ standard indoor ”, one draws 60 arrows on round targets white and blue from 40 cm diameter at a fixed distance 20 yards.

Shootings in nature

One draws in wood and meadows where it is necessary to take account of the ground.

A. Shooting countryside, FITA

Discipline international, which is practiced in rough ground with discovered or underwood, on a course of 24 targets of which the half is remotely known and the other remotely unknown, or 24 unknown factors.

The known distances go from 5 to 60 m, unknown distances from 5 with 55 m for the traditional ones and arc with pulley. The archer draws a flight from three arrows per target, that is to say a total of 72 arrows. He has 4 minutes to draw his three arrows. Recently, the archers are not any more stop watches safe in the event of " bouchon" (more than 3 groups on standby on a target).

One finds 4 types of blazons in shooting countryside: " birdies" who are trispots of 20 cm of diameter. One finds of them four per target, one by archer of the peleton they are used for the very short distances. " gazinières" of 40 cm of diameter make it possible to draw at short distances. One also finds four per target of them. Lastly, " 60" and " 80" permettetent to draw with long distance. Their name indicate the diameter of the blazons.

There exist 3 categories in the international payment:

traditional Arc;
Arc with pulley;
naked Arc (bare-bow, i.e. without sight).

The “ Longbow ” is not a category recognized by the FITA (international payment) nor by the FFTA (§ -3A6 of the payment of December 2005).

In shooting by team, a team is made up of an archer of each of the three weapons (international payment).

B. the natural shooting, FITA

The natural shooting is a course of 21 targets placed at variable distances (5 with 40m) which is practiced in full nature. The targets are animalist images comprising a killed zone and a wounded zone. On each target the archer must evaluate the distance and draw 2 arrows in 30 seconds, each arrow being drawn from a step of different shooting. An official contest proceeds on 2 courses of 21 targets in the course of the day. The sought-after goal is to recreate an environment “drives out”. It happens regularly that the position of the gunner is complex to have a good firing angle. The points are counted in the following way:

1st arrow: killed zone 20 points, wounded zone 15 points.

2nd arrow: killed zone 15 points, wounded zone 10 points.

C. Course Field and Hunter, IFAA

Course of 14 round targets “ field ” or “ hunter ” at distances known between 80 yards (73,1 m) and 15 yards (13,7 m). It is necessary to draw 4 arrows from 4 different stakes. The maximum distance for the juniors is 50 yards (45,7 m), for juniors 30 yards (27,4 m). There is no limit of time.

D. Animal Round, IFAA

A course of 14 targets of animalist charts. There are competitions with known distances and others at unknown distances. The distances vary from 15 to 60 yards (13,70 m with 56,40 m).

The shooting 3D

The shooting 3D is relatively recent. It holds its name owing to the fact that the archer does not draw on a representation in two dimensions, but on the counterpart of an animal. The idea being to approach a situation of hunting. There exist many regulations throughout the world, some with shootings on 3D laid out by herds, where the crenel should be found optimal, of the shootings starting from a Treestand or on moving targets.

A. 3D " français" , FFTA

Is practiced in nature on target volumetric animalist (factitious animals in 3D) placed remotely that the archer must evaluate (of 5 with 45 m following the categories).

There are 20 targets per course. The archer has 1 minute to draw two arrows from the same launching pad.

An official contest proceeds on 2 courses of 20 targets in the course of the day.

There are 3 zones on the animal: Vital zone (10 points), killed zone (8 points) and wounded zone (5points).

In order to know the zones, the photographs of the targets are in general posted at the clerk's office. Since 2007, the use of the binoculars is authorized.

B. international 3D, FITA

Even principle, but:

the archer has 2 minutes to draw only one arrow;
the use of binoculars is authorized until 8.5x;
the overdraw is interdict for the arcs with pulleys.

C. 3D two arrows, IFAA

The distances and the number from targets are identical that on the animalist charts. The distance from shooting is always unknown. There are three zones on the animals, killed, vital and wounded. The two arrows count. There exists also a course, where the archer can draw only one arrow per animal.

Other forms of shooting

Round-archery

It is about a discipline of course, associating the shooting with the arc and the ski touring. It is the equivalent of Olympic biathlon associating shooting with the rifle and ski touring.

Golf archery

A combination of Golf and shooting to the arc on a golf course where the archer draws on the ball. An archer and a golfor take the departure, the golfor must return his ball in the hole in less possible blows and the archer must touch a ball of 11cm of diamêtre located above the same hole. Only restriction, the archer cannot aim at the ball before to have planted an arrow on the green.

Antiquated shooting

One draws with an arc and arrows entirely manufactured by oneself.

Traditional plays

The shooting Beursault

Is practiced exclusively in a “Play of arc” or garden of arc in a company, which is composed of two hillocks (target) opposite and apart fifty meters. These hillocks are called hillock of attack and ridges main. Surface between the two hillocks is a central alley called “the alley of Roy”. On both sides of the central alley two alleys of releases also called “gone of the knights are located”. The safety is ensured by wood panels of 4 m tops called “guards” placed on both sides and the alley of Roy.

The gunners are gathered by groups from 5 to 6 archers maximum. At the beginning of the contest, each archer draws an arrow from the main hillock towards the hillock of attack. Then it borrows the alley of release to join the hillock of attack. Once all the gathered archers, they enter their points.

The archers count their items (1 arrow out of target = a “honor” and the number of points corresponding out of target from 1 to 4), then are turned over and drawn an arrow from the hillock of attack towards the main hillock. The play stops after 20 “halts” (shootings), that is to say 40 arrows.

Shooting with the bird

It is necessary to aim various targets in feathers placed on a chechmate from 10 to 20 meters in height. This shooting is also called shooting with the papegay (papegen = Flemish parrot).

A derivative of the shooting of the bird, it is the shooting of the king. The archers always shoot at a false bird since an unknown distance, but that which touches the body will be the king, those which touch the tail and the head are called kinglets and those which touches the wings are the princes. Each year the titles are given concerned! !

Shooting with the flag

From a distance from 100 to 150 meters, one draws 3 arrows in a round target traced on the ground from a diameter of 10 meters with a second circle in the middle of 2 meters in diameter which has a flag in the center.

An alternative is a shooting has 165 m on a target 10 m in diameter on the ground. The points are entered has 1 point of less per meter which moves away the arrow from the central flag. The maximum is of 5 points to the flag.

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