With the Japan, the Shogunat of Kamakura (鎌倉幕府, Kamakura Bakufu , one also usually says Bakufu de Kamakura) was a feudal military dictatorship directed by the Shogun S of the Period Kamakura of 1185 (or 1192, date on which Minamoto No Yoritomo is officially named Shogun) with 1333. It owes its name at the town of Kamakura, where the government shogunal was installed.

Establishment of the bakufu

Before the establishment of the bakufu of Kamakura, the civil capacity of the Japan was mainly held, on the one hand, by the regents of the emperor in title, which did not have reality capacity, and on the other hand by the emperors cloisters, which once withdrawn in a Buddhist monastery could continue to exert the power of as much better than they had been put out of reach Régents Fujiwara.

The military businesses were also directed by the civil government. However, in 1185, after the defeat of the clan Will conceal from the Bataille of DaN-No-ura which puts an end to the Guerre of Gempei in its favor, Minamoto No Yoritomo seizes the power and becomes De facto the leader of the country. It set up the primacy on the military side of the government and receives the title of Shogun (征夷大将軍) in 1192 after the death of the emperor withdrawn Go-Shirakawa.

Its system of government becomes formalized then under the name of Bakufu (literally, “government under the tent”). The Provinces of Japan become semi-autonomous under the crook of the new guards, the Shugo (守護), predecessors of the Daimyō S. These guards were selected mainly among the powerful families of the various provinces, or it title was decreed with a general and his family after the success of a campaign. Although they managed themselves their own businesses, they were in theory dependant on the central government because of their allegiance to the shogun.

Usurpation of the capacity by the shikken

After the death of Yoritomo, his/her father-in-law Tokimasa Hōjō, former guard of Yoritomo and chief of the Clan Hōjō proclaims Shikken (regent) of new the shogun Minamoto No Yoriie, load which it will make hereditary thereafter within the clan. Minamoto remained the shoguns during two additional dynasties, with Hōjō reigning in the facts through the shoguns-puppets and of the titular emperors.

In 1274 and 1281, the Mongolian of Kubilai Khan tried to invade Japan, but were pushed back by the shogunat, helped it is true by typhoons called Kamikaze . However, the constraint on the army and finances had weakens the bakufu considerably. The Empereur Go-Toba tried to reverse the situation in 1221 during the Révolte of Jōkyū, but failed and only succeeds in solidifying the capacity of Hōjō on the shogunat, allowing them even to choose the successors under shogun, initially given to members of the noble house Kujō, then with members of the imperial house.

The imperial court made a new attempt at revolt in 1331 under the reign of the Empereur Go-Daigo. It had much more success than the preceding one, mainly because the most powerful general of Kamakura, Takauji Ashikaga, chooses to join the emperor.

This one finished in 1333 with the destruction of the Hōjō clan and the re-establishment of the capacities of the emperor. This triumph was however of short duration in measurement or Takauji Ashikaga assumed the title of shogun quickly, establishing the Shogunat Ashikaga.

List shoguns

See too

Shogun - Bakufu - History of Japan

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