Shock absorber

A shock absorber is a system intended to even limit to remove the Oscillation S of an object or to isolate an object from Vibration S by dissipation of energy. The free or forced vibrations correspond to the movement of a mass on a Ressort. During the kinetic transfer of energy in potential energy it is possible to carry out this dissipation. Many physical principles can be used: pressure losses of a fluid, Friction, behavior hysteretic, etc

Various techniques

  • a simple piece (Sheet, Hold or Silentbloc) of a flexible material (rubber, plastic), can be used as shock absorber; this type of damping often allows the insulation of a machine or a body for vibrations of low amplitudes.
  • the systems of suspension using Ressort S limiting the transmission of Choc S often need shock absorbers to slow down the decreasing oscillations of the springs.
    • the assembly of parts of Friction in permanent contact allows this damping; this system is inexpensive, but unflexibility in its adjustments. Moreover, it comprises wearing parts, implying a regular maintenance.
    • the shock absorbers Hydraulique S assembled on the motor vehicles use the pressure losses of an oil circulating in a closed enclosure.
      • oil is contained in a cylinder connected to one of its ends to the fixed part.
      • a Piston provided with Clapet S is connected to the moving part: this part constrained the piston to circulate in the cylinder by a reduced section.
      • the oil passing from one side to another of the piston with more or less of facility slows down the movements.
      • to ensure an adaptation of the shock absorber the various types of movements of the part moving or the various types of suspensions, the valves letting pass the fluid have different stiffnesses.

Uses

  • Automobile, Transport
  • Mechanical general
  • Antiseismic Protection of the building S
  • Aeronautical (see a photograph of the shock absorbers of trail enters the blades of a helicopter under cyclic Plateau)

See too

External bonds

  • See a detailed diagram of various types of shock absorbers
  • a video explanatory on the relieving of a spring

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