Shine of Molina , (1536 - October 12th 1600 with Madrid), Spanish Jésuite at the origin of the Molinisme.

Biography

Become as of the 18 years age a member of the Society of Jesus, it studied the Théologie with Coimbra, and became thereafter professor at the university of Évora, Portugal. One allotted to him, after twenty years of teaching, a pulpit of moral Théologie to Madrid.

The theologist

He wrote inter alia liberi arbitrii cum gratiae donis, divina praescientia, praedestinatione and reprobatione concordia (4 vo., Lisbon, 1588); a comment on the first part of the Summa Theologiae of Saint-Thomas d' Aquin (2 flights., fol., Cuenca, 1593); and a treaty Of swears and justitia (6 flights., 1593-1609).

It is with the first work mentioned that its fame is due. He wanted by this book to try to reconcile, at least by the words, the doctrines augustiniennes of Prédestination and grace with the lesson of Baius, then condemned by the Catholic church. On the basis of the principle which a man is free to make or not to make an act, Molina advances that the circumstances make the grace of God neither useless nor impossible: not impossible, because God always grants its thanks to those which require it with sincerity; and not useless, because the grace, although not effective , is a sufficient cause of hello. For Molina, the doctrines of free will do not exclude predestination. Omniscient God, by his scientia media (the sentence is of Molina, although one finds also the idea at Fonseca), or its capacity to know the future events, envisages how will be used our clean free will.

These doctrines, although in agreement with the doctrines dominant of the Catholic church at the time, and recommended because in total opposition with the lesson of Martin Luther and Jean Calvin, caused violent controversies in certain orders, in particular at the Dominicains, which obliged finally the pope Clément VIII to intervene. Initially (1594), it invited simply the two parts with silence; but finally, in 1598, it named the Congregatio of auxiliis gratiae to slice on the argument, which became more and more a quarrel between the orders. After many scéances, the congregation appeared unable to slice, and its gatherings were suspended in 1607 by Paul V; in 1611 it prohibits all new discussion on the question of auxiliis , and of large efforts were made to control the publications, same those of the comments on Saint-Thomas d' Aquin.

Molinistes passed then to the controversy Janséniste.

A complete sight of the theology of Molina can be found in the Entstehung DER thomistisch-molinistischen Controverse , of Schneeman published in Appendix (N° 9,13 and 14) in the newspaper Jesuit, Stimmen aus Maria-Laach . For the uninitiated readers, one can recommend the article of Ernest Renan, the congregations of auxiis in his Nouvelles studies of religious history.

The economist

Notes and references of the article

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