Shiitaké - SpeedyLook encyclopedia

History

This mushroom, native in China, have been cultivated for more than 1000 years. It is called xiānggū (香菇) in Chinese. The first writing of the culture of shiitake can be traced in Wu Sang Kwuang, born during the time from dynasty Song (960-1127 A.D.). However, some documents give a report on a consumption of mushroom not cultivated as of 199 A.D.

In the language of Yamato, the word indicated a Kami, plant divinized by the religion animist, symbol of vitality and growth spectacular, able to make push “like a bamboo” or “a mushroom”.

One made him correspond two characters (Sinogramme S) imported of China: 竹 (bamboo) and 茸, which represent a “vegetable ear”, broad species including our Oreille of Judas (the black mushrooms of the restaurants) and some other species closely connected whose Asian ones are very fond of delicacies. In the two countries this word took thereafter the broad direction of Champignon , reserved in Japan with the made up words () like shii-take , unlike the word which indicates all mushrooms in general.

Scientific names

Shiitaké has affinities with our banal but inedible “lentin striped” ( Lentinus tigrinus ). For this reason, Berk. baptized it edodes (which means “edible”) in 1878 under the Basionyme of Agaricus edodes . It was recombined by Singer in 1941 in Lentinus edodes (Lentin edible), but the Hyphe S which compose it being found to be Dimitique S, Pegler moved it in 1976 in the kind Lentinula .

Basionyme

Agaricus edodes Berk., J. Flax. Plowshare, Club-footed. 16:50 (1878)

scientific Name Japanese

The Japanese, said scientific names or, not being construction binominal E, only the use of the Katakana (correspondent with our Italic S), made compulsory since 1981, announces that it is about a Taxon. The vernacular, arts persons and commercial Names being written, either in Kanji , or in Hiragana .

The row of kind, as for him, is announced by the addition of the character after the specific name. It is the same for the family 科 (ka), etc

is thus the standard species of the kind, Lentinula .

The scientific double nomenclature (international and national) is of use in many other countries where the romanisation or the reading of Latin is far too exotic. For the most popular species, it makes it possible moreover to preserve an invaluable cultural heritage and arts person, even poetic, and renders sometimes services scientific unexpected to ensure the perenniality of the naming of some Taxon S whose Latin name changes unceasingly, or contrary to offering a provisional “name of work” to the taxonomist while waiting for the publication of a new binomial. However, in spite of its official statute at the local level, the national scientific name has only one use limited to the country where at the corresponding linguistic zone. It does not replace to in no case the international scientific name or Latin name (), which remains the only nomenclature allowing a universal communication.

Principal synonymous

Armillaria edodes (Berk.) Sacc., Syll. fung. (Abellini) 5 : 79 (1887);
Collybia shiitake J. Schröt., Gartenflora 35 : 105 (1886);
Cortinellus shiitake (J. Schröt.) Henn., Notizblatt of Königl. club-footed. Gartens U. Museum zu Berlin 2 : 385 (1899);
Lentinus edodes (Berk.) Singer, Mycologia 33 (4): 451 (1941);
Lentinus mellianus Lohwag: No 698 (1918)
Lentinus tonkinensis Stalemate., J. Club-footed. Morot 4 : 14 (1890)
Lepiota shiitake (J. Schröt.) Club-footed Tanaka, . Mag., Tokyo 3 : 159 (1889);
Mastoleucomyces edodes (Berk.) Kuntze, Live again. gen. pl. (Leipzig) 2 : 861 (1891);
Tricholoma shiitake (J. Schröt.) Lloyd, Mycol. Writ. 5 (Letter 67): 11 (1918).

vernacular Names

: Shiitaké, edible Lentin.

Culture

It is cultivated in China and in Japan since strong a long time, to judge some by its presence on prints and folding screens dating from the beginning of the period Edo. Traditionally cultivated on dead branches of Leafy bored holes into which one introduces mycelium (white with mushroom) or on wood logs, and today generally on bearings of compost with cork consistency, pre-sown. One plunges them in cool water to accelerate fructification. It is the mushroom more cultivated (fresh or dried) in Asia.

It is now sold at the fresh state on the markets of Europe and even cultivated in France, where its orthography was francized.

Nutritional contributions

Shiitaké is a source of fibers and present remarkable contents of Vitamine B2 and Vitamine PP (33% of the contribution advised for 100 G.

Jumped with the Wok, it is an ingredient of the meat dishes and poultries.

Therapeutic hopes

In addition to its business success and culinary because of its fleshy aspect and its taste more and more appreciated, shiitaké the east proves to be excellent strengthening general and would have a beneficial action on the central nervous system. The researchers of the whole world are interested in its immuno-stimulative virtues. For the moment, there are hardly but in Japan, in China and in the USA that some clinical studies as a double blind man were published and they are still too very few and of difficult interpretation.

Very rich in Glucides, shiitaké contains moreover an antitumor substance, the Lentinane , a Polysaccharide which would have in more one reducing action on the Cholestérol.

To date, no marketing authorization as a medication (AMM) was still announced for the European Community.

References

In France, the thesis of Sylvie Jacqmart ép. Flament, 1997 (April 25th): Potential therapeutic of the Basidiomycetes. 'Thesis for obtaining the diploma of state of doctor of pharmacy , University of Lille 2,193 pages. A chapter includes/understands on the Basidiomycetes with immuno-modulating and/or anti-cancer properties (p.81-113);
a remarkable synthesis of 236 pages, on the biochemical composition and medicinal properties of Mushrooms, mainly those cultivated in the Far East and in the world. In review the principal cultivated species passed or from commercial interest as well as the active substances: medicinal Bioactive substances and utilization, antitumor activity, antitumor polysaccharides, antitumor-active heteroglycans , etc:

Mizuno Takashi (1995). - Special Exit one Mushrooms: Changeable The Fungus. Medicinal Food and properties, chemistry, biochemistry, biotechnology and utilization, Foods Review International , vol. 11 : 1;

Pegler D.N. (1983). The genus Lentinula . Sydowia 36 :227-339
Subdued J.L and Petersen R.H.A. (2000). New species off Lentinula ( Agaricales ). MycoScience 41 :351-355.
Block E., Deorazio R. and Thiruvazhi Mr. (1994). Simple total syntheses off biologically activates pentathiadecane natural products, 2,4,5,7,9-Pentathiadecane, 2,2,9,9-Tetraoxide (Dysoxysulfone) from Dysoxylum richii, and 2,3,5,7,9-pentathiacecane 9,9-Dioxide, the Misidentified lenthionine Precursor SE-3 from Shiitake mushroom (lentinus edodes). The Newspaper off organic chemistry 59 (9);
Chen DC., and Ho Work Card (1986). High-performance liquid chromatographic determination off cyclic sulfur compounds off Shiitake mushroom (Lentinus edodes Sing.). J. Chromatogr. 356 (3), 455-459;

CRESTINI C., and SERMANNI G.G. (1995). Aromatic boxing ring oxidation off vanillyl and veratryl alcohols by Lentinus edodes - possible artefacts in the lignin peroxidase and veratryl alcohol oxidase assays. Newspaper off Biotechnology 39 (2), 175-179;

LEATHAM G.F., and M.A., S. (1981). Studies one the Laccase off Lentinus edodes: specificity, localization and association with the development off fruiting bodies. Newspaper off General Microbiology 125 , 147-157;

LI Z.L. (1985). Culture identification and purification off polysaccharide proteins in Lentinus edodes and Polystictus versicolor. Chung Yao Tung CAM Bulletin off Chinese Materia Medica 10 (Cool, 7-8);

MIZUNO Mr., MINATO K. , and TSUCHIDA H. (1996). Preparation and specificity off antibodies to year anti-tumor beta-glucan, lentinan. Biochemistry & Molecular Biology International 39 (4), 679-685;

MIZUNO Mr., SHIOMI Y., MINATO K., and KAWAKAMI S. (2000). Murine Fucogalactan isolated from Sarcodon aspratus elicits release off tumor necrosis Factor-alpha and nitric oxide from macrophages. Immunopharmacology 46 (2), 113-121;

MORITA K, and KOBAYASHI S. (1966). Insulation and synthesis off lenthionine, year odorous substance off shiitake, edible year mushroom. Tetrahedron Letters 6 , 573-7;

OTSUKA Mr., SHINOZUKA K., HIRATA G., and KUNITOMO Mr. (1996). Influences off has shiitake (Lentinus edodes) - fructo-oligosaccharide mixture (SK-204) one experimental pulonary thrombosis in rats (Japanse). Newspaper off the Pharmaceutical Society off Japan 116 (2), 169-173;

TOGAMI, TAKEUCHI I., IMAIZUMI F., and KAWAKAMI Mr. (1982). Studies one Basidiomycetes. I. Antitumor polysaccharide from bagasse medium one which mycelia off Lentinus edodes (Berk.) Sing. Had been grown. Chemical & Pharmaceutical Bulletin 30 (4), 1134-1140;

YASUMOTO K., IWAMI K., and MITSUDA H. (1974). Enzymatic formation off Shiitake aroma from not-bird precursor (S). Lenthionine from lentinic acid. In 9th International Scientific Congress one the Cultivation off Edible Fungi , Mushroom Science IX (Share I), pp. 371-83, Tokyo (Japan);

ZHU Mr., L.H.T., LUK Work Card, (1997). Protective Gastric effect off Lentinus edodes against ethanol-induced ulceration. Fitoterapia LXVIII , 537-542;

Simple: Shiitake mushroom
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