Shenyang (沈阳; Pinyin: Shěnyáng) is the capital of the Chinese province of the Liaoning. It has the statute of under-provincial city. The population of its jurisdiction exceeds the seven million inhabitants. The Manchu name of the city east Mukden .

Geography

The district of Shenyang extends on: 13000 km ², agglomeration itself representing: 3495 km ². Shenyang is located at the north of bank of the river Hun (浑河). The city is relatively punt and the zones close to the river are frequently flooded.

Climate

Shenyang has a wet moderate climate. The annual average temperature is of 8,3 °C. The summer, the average temperature is of 20 °C and can reach 39 °C. The winter, the temperature can reach -30 °C. Annual precipitations are approximately 500 mm and the frosts last on average 183 days per annum.

History

Shenyang (沈阳) is a very old city. The first traces of breeding and culture on the site of the current city go back to 5200 years before our era.

During the Period of Springs and Falls (春秋) and that of the Royaumes combatants (战国) Shenyang was one of the most important cities of the kingdom of Yan (燕国).

As of the Dynasty Han (汉朝 - 202 av. J. - C. with 220 a. J. - C.) the limits of the city, then called Houcheng (侯城), start to be clearly defined. During the Dynastie Tang (唐代 - 618 to 907) the city is renamed Shenzhou (沈洲). At the 12th century, Shenyang was one of the three capitals of the empire of the Jin dynasty.

In 1621 Nurhachi (努尔哈赤), going down from the dynasty Houjin (后金) and founding father of the dynasty Qing (清代), seizes Shenyang. In 1625 it moves the capital of the Mandchourie of Liaoyang (辽阳) with Shenyang and undertakes the construction of the imperial palace (沈阳故宫).

In 1634 Huang-Taiji (皇太极), the son of Nurhachi, renames Shenyang in Shengjing (盛京).

In 1644 Shunzhi (順治), wire of Huang-Taiji and emperor of China of North conquers both China and establishes the capital of China with Beijing (北京). Shenyang becomes a secondary capital. In 1657 Shenyang is famous Fengtianfu (奉天府).

In 1900, Russia, benefitting from the relative disorganization of the country lasting the revolt of the Boxers (义和团起义), seizes the city.

In 1905, the city is the theater of the victory of the Japan on the Russia at the time of the Guerre Russo-Japanese woman (1904-1905). The Russian army withdraws city.

Following the Chinese revolution of 1911, known as revolution xinhai (辛亥革命), putting a term at the dynasty Qing, Shenyang becomes the seat of the Manchu lords of war: fengxijūnfá (奉系军阀).

December 29th 1928, in Shenyang, Zhang Xueliang (张学良), lord of war of the four provinces of Mandchourie, proclaims its tender with the authority of the central government " 东北易帜 ". The capital of China is transferred from Beijing to Nanjing.

In 1929 Fengtian (奉天) is definitively famous Shenyang (沈阳).

The incident of the September 18th 1931, known as incidental of Mukden is regarded as the event at the origin of the Sino-Japanese Guerre (1937-1945). From 1931 to 1945 the Japanese occupation does of Shenyang one of the main cities of the state marionette of the Manzhouguo (Chinese 满洲国).

The August 8th 1986 the first stock exchange place of China is born with Shenyang.

Districts

  • Dadong (大东区 Dàdōng Qū) (in the North-East of the downtown area)

  • Heping (和平区 Hépíng Qū) (downtown area)
  • Huanggu (皇姑区 Huánggū Qū) (in the North of the downtown area)
  • Shenhe (沈河区 Shĕnhé Qū) (in the East of the downtown area)
  • Tiexi (铁西区 Tǐexī Qū) (in the West of the downtown area)
  • Sujiatun (苏家屯区 Sujiatun Qū) (17 km in the South of the downtown area)
  • Dongling (东陵 Dōnglíng)
  • Shenbei New district (沈北新区 Shěnběi Xīn Qū) (20 miles in the North of the downtown area)
  • Xinmin (新民市 Xīnmín Shì)
  • Yuhong (于洪区 Yuhong Qū)
  • Faku
  • Kangping
  • Liaozhong

Tourism

Monuments

The principal monument of Shenyang is the old prohibited city of the emperors Qing (清). The city is located in the middle of the district Shenhe (沈河区). .

Principal companies with Shenyang

Chinese companies

Foreign companies

Nearly 400 foreign companies are installed in Shenyang of which most famous are:

Sports

Football

The football team of Shenyang is called Shenyang Jinde (沈阳金德) and evolves/moves in the first division of China (Super League). The other headlight city of the province of Liaoning as regards football is Dalian thanks to its named team Dalian Shide (大连实德) which in particular gained the national championship in 2002 and 2005.

The football stadium of Shenyang (Wulihe Stadium) is located at the south of the city. Built in 1989, it can accommodate 65.000 people.

Results of the team of Shenyang Jinde at the time of the Championship of China of football:

  • 2005 - 13th
  • 2004 - 8th
  • 2003 - 5th
  • 2002 - 12th

Education system

Higher education and research

More than 550.000 engineers and technicians work in Shenyang, of which about half in the field of fundamental sciences, primarily in chemistry, life sciences and environment. In the population, more than 6 people out of 100 are graduate of university, that is to say a rate three times higher than the national average.

One does not count less than 30 universities and nearly 400 research institutes of which most famous are the research institute on metals of the Academy of Science of China, the research institute on the forest and the grounds, the national research institute of chemical industries (SYRICI - 沈阳化工学院) and the national research institute of the ministry for mechanization.

Many scientific collaborations and academics are carried out with the foreigner.

  • University of the North-East of China (东北大学)

  • University of Liaoning (辽宁大学)
  • University of Shenyang (沈阳大学)
  • National university of medicine (中国医科大学)
  • Insitut de Médecine traditional of Liaoning (辽宁中医学院)
  • Institute of Medicine of Shenyang (沈阳医学院)
  • University of pharmacy of Shenyang (沈阳药科大学)
  • Institute of the engineerings de Shenyang (沈阳工程学院)
  • Technological Institute of Shenyang (沈阳理工大学)
  • Institute of the Aircraft industry of Shenyang (沈阳航空工业学院)
  • University of sciences of industries of Shenyang (沈阳工业大学)
  • University of the building of Shenyang (沈阳建筑大学)
  • University of agriculture of Shenyang (沈阳农业大学)
  • Institute Lu Xun of the fine arts of Shenyang (鲁迅美术学院)
  • Teacher training school of Shenyang (沈阳师范大学)
  • Institute of music of Shenyang (沈阳音乐学院)
  • National institute of criminal police force (中国刑警学院)

Twinnings

Administrative divisions

The under-provincial city of Shenyang exerts its jurisdiction on thirteen subdivisions - nine districts, a city-county and three counties  :
  • the district of Shenhe - 沈河区 Shěnhé Qū   ;
  • the district of Heping - 和平区 Hépíng Qū   ;
  • the district of Dadong - 大东区 Dàdōng Qū   ;
  • the district of Huanggu - 皇姑区 Huánggū Qū   ;
  • the district of Tiexi - 铁西区 Tiěxī Qū   ;
  • the district of Sujiatun - 苏家屯区 Sūjiātún Qū   ;
  • the district of Dongling - 东陵区 Dōnglíng Qū   ;
  • the new district of Shenbei - 沈北新区 Shěnběi Xīn Qū   ;
  • the district of Yuhong - 于洪区 Yúhóng Qū   ;
  • the town of Xinmin - 新民市 Xīnmín Shì   ;
  • the county of Liaozhong - 辽中县 Liáozhōng Xiàn   ;
  • the county of Kangping - 康平县 Kāngpíng Xiàn   ;
  • the county of Faku - 法库县 Fǎkù Xiàn .

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