Shellfish farming

The shellfish farming is the breeding Coquillage S in general, the such Rigadeau X or the Palourde S.

The most current types of shellfish farming are:

the Ostreiculture (breeding of the Oyster S);
the Mytiliculture (breeding of the mould S);
the Vénériculture (breeding of the Clams)
the Cérastoculture (breeding of the hulls)
the Pectiniculture (breeding of the scallops and others Pectinidé S).
the Halioticulture (breeding of the Young elm X)

History

The shells are eaten since always, the Roman appreciated oysters and made them come from remote regions . The gathered shells resulted from the natural layers. The first oyster beds are built at the 19th century.

National productions

Brazil

The Southern area is the area most developed for the production of oysters and moulds, and in particular the State of the Santa Catarina with 9.801 tons of moulds and 2.512 tons of oysters. In second position for the moulds, the State of Espírito Santo (400 tons) and that of Paraná for the oysters (126 tons).

Capacity:

oyster: 2.682 tons
mytilicole: 10.380 tons concessions on the maritime Public domain which occupy a surface of 1.700 km ² is 18.100 hectares and 1.700 km of lines of Bouchot S. In addition 2.400 hectares are used on private field.

The Netherlands

Techniques of breeding

The method of breeding varies according to the areas, the traditions, the bivalves and the profile of the estran (portion of coast discovered by the tides).

Elevated culture

It is a type of shellfish farming in which the molluscs are high on a structure (table, tallies or trestle) installed on the substrate. The molluscs are not in direct contact with the substrate. The French shell-fish breeders of the Mediterranean uses the technique of the tables of breeding for their oyster and their moulds. The absence of tide on these coasts allowed the development of a technique of breeding in suspension and thus in permanent immersion.

Following many tests on various supports the method of the tables is developed in the years 1920. The " count of élevage" consists of a metal or wood framework supported with 2 meters with the top of water by piles inserted in the ground. The unit used currently is made up of 33 piles supporting a framework on which 50 poles are laid out. A " table" thus constituted measurement generally 50 meters out of 12.

Suspended culture

This type of shellfish farming in which the molluscs are not in direct contact with the substrate, but are high in structures suspended in the column of water to dies or rafts, is similar to the precedent. this technique is used in Corsica and Spain.

On each pole series of bonds are attached making it possible to support the " cordes" moulds or oysters which are connected there.

Culture on the bottom

This type of shellfish farming in which the molluscs are high in or on the substrate and are exposed to the air during part of the cycle maréal. One also speaks about culture flat or breeding flat or on the bottom.

The Bouchot S are piles on which the bivalves are fixed.

The ecology of the conchylaceous zones

August 1st Coastal water often naturally habritent clams, moulds, scallops and oysters suitable for human consumption; the fishing of these wild molluscs or those of culture can however be prohibited inside vast sectors of the coast due to a contamination by waste water or of the harmful concentrations of algae poison, toxins and disease-causing agents, natural or human origin.

The shells and their habitats are excellent indicators of the bacteriological health condition of maritime environment. The fecal coliformes indicate for example the presence in the water of feces and organizations which can be pathogenic. The severity of the standards is justified because, since the bivalvular molluscs nourish themselves by filtration, they concentrate in their flesh of the bacteria, the viruses and the toxins which can be mortals for the man.

Organizations of control

August 1st

See too

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