Sheffield is a city of the North of the England, located on the Rivière Gift. Sheffield is in the Yorkshire. The name of Sheffield comes from the Rivière Sheaf which crosses the city. With its 516.100 inhabitants (2004), Sheffield is the third city of the country. Sheffield was named “city” of England by royal approval in 1893 (title ceremonial). The city was seen giving the villages of Beighton, Norton, Mosborough and Dore, Totley and Bradway in 1843 and 1934, because of the expansion of the agglomeration. Sheffield gains the parliamentary title of district in 1832 and municipal district in 1843. These two distinctions exist to date, giving the existence to two Sheffield (city/municipality and district under the direction of). It has the statute of Cité .

Economy

The city is famous for its production of Acier. Many innovations in this field, whose stainless steel (stainless steel ), were created on the spot. However, with the modernization of industry in the years 1960 and 1970, the number of employees working in industry fell and this sector employs only the thousandths of what it counted with the Second world war. The current production of steel is higher than what produced forever per annum to date. This tendency should disappear with closing from one from the large steel-works from Sheffield “Outo Kumpu” in Tinsley. The factories of Sheffield Forgemasters and Tinsley Wire always produce in quantity.

Recently, the city tried to raise its image while investing in the sport (Ponds Forging mill Sports Centers) and technology (Attercliffe Technology Park), like while making do many work in downtown area thanks to the municipal project of regeneration. Sheffield indeed accommodates many centers of calls and data-processing general headquarters of companies and télécoms such as:

• Telewest Cables (Yorkshire Cable)
• BT
• Tiscali Broadband
• E-Buyer
• Dixons Group (Curries & Dixons)
• Natwest

The city is famous in all the North of England for the quality of its leisures, and mainly for its nightclubs (Republic, Kingdom, Leadmill & corporation). In 1994 Sheffield celebrated the arrival of Sheffield Supertram, the network of Tramway S on conventional railway. Since its opening the network knew an increase in the travellers and service, in particular of night.

It is égalment with SHEFFIELD that the most important event in the world of the professional snooker occurs namely Embassy Championnat of the world, held each year since 1927. The tournament was established in Crucible Theater since 1977. In 2005 it was decided to prolong the contract with Crucible Theater for 5 years.

History

The industrial revolution is at the base of the rapid growth of the city at the XIXe century. However the site occupied today by the covered central market was a Roman hamlet. The village is quoted in Domesday Survey as well as the districts neighborhood. After the conquest Norman, the castle of Sheffield was built (where the market of the castle Castle Market is).

As of XIVe century, Sheffield was known for its knives, and starting from 1600 Sheffield became the center of the coutellière production of England, creating a growth without precedents, the construction of factories and the creation of industrial rich person (Totley) and district suburbs of houses in terrace of workmen.

The city knew one of the most fatal catastrophes of the history of the Football in Europe, the April 15th 1989, in the stage of Hillsborough. A terrible scuffle made 96 died. See Tragedy of Hillsborough.

Transport

Sheffield is in the center of a shoed and road star. The Autoroute M1 forms a peripheral external. the M18 highway begins in Sheffield at exit 32 from M1. The city is served by the main roads trunk roads (classification A) A57, A61 and their antennas has 616, A621, A625, A630 and A631.

The Railroad arrived at Sheffield in the middle of the 19^ème century with the construction of the line connecting Sheffield and Rotherham. In 1870 Sheffield is connected to London and ten years later with Manchester (by the Hope Valley). The first Broad outline connects Sheffield to Manchester by Woodhead. Today Sheffield is served by 5 lines with passenger traffic in addition to 3 lines of freight. The main station remains Sheffield Midland Station which comprises 8 ways with quay with 12 platforms. The frequency of the services is one hour or more. The train for London share of platform 5 to 25 passed of the hour whereas the express train for Manchester (with stops with Gilds), Leeds, York, Birmingham, Plymouth and Edinburgh leave platforms 2 and 6. The platforms 1,2c, 3,4 and 8 are reserved for the local services.

Parks and forests

Sheffield has more trees per capita than any other town of Europe. There exists more than 170 parks, public gardens and forests, the forests covering a total surface of 28.27 km ² and the parks public a surface of 18.30 km ². The public gardens are 10. For that it is necessary to add the 134.66 km ² national park of the Peak District. Most known are Serious Park, Meersbrook Park, Norfolk Park, Endcliffe Park as well as the botanical garden.

Studies

Two universities exist in Sheffield:

• Sheffield Hallam University (more than 28.000 students)
• University of Sheffield (more than 25.000 students)

Twinnings

Sport

Two professional football teams:

• Sheffield United
• Sheffield Wednesday

Personalities

• Arctic Monkeys, group of independent Rock'n'roll
• Joe Cocker spaniel, singer blues and rock'n'roll
• Sean Bean, Actor ( Patriot Ranges, The LOTR, Sharpe …)

Bonds

• Warp Records

Simple: Sheffield

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