Shasou and Apirou is attested in the Egyptian documents: on a stele of Aménophis {{II}}, in the Letters of Amarna, then in several papyruses. The question of the relationship between the Hebrews in Egypt and Shasou or Apirou was put. Now that one is sure to have located and dated the culture from the first Jews, one knows that the assimilation of Apirou to the Hebrews, assumption undoubtedly reasonable, was nevertheless false.

The Shasou are seminomads of Palestine and Syria belonging to the ethnos group of the Bedouins. Groups work in Egypt and, after the reign of Ramsès {{III}}, the Shasou term becomes synonymous with Bedouin. In its theory of the peaceful infiltration , Albrecht Alt compares the Jews to Shasou, but this assimilation is given up today by the majority of the archeologists (see the revealed Bible).

The term Apirou , Hapirou or Habirou indicates mainly the marginal ones, mercenaries more or less brigands (see the revealed Bible). It is known now that the Apirou bear names of varied ethnic origins: they thus constitute a socio-economic group and not an ethnos group. Groups of Apirou worked in Egypt and, according to Olivier Rouault, The term of Hapirou/Habirou, made run much ink, partly because of its resemblance to the name of the Hebrews, with whom it finally seems not to have any report/ratio .