Shalom (שָׁלוֹם) is a Hebraic word which one generally returns in French by Paix . It can be a question of peace between two individuals or entities (particularly between God and the man), or with the interior Paix, the calm one, the safety of a individu.
Le word is particularly known to be Hebraic safety (the term of " salut" recover the same concept besides), of welcome or separation; one finds it in many of other expressions and names.
Sont derived from the same root the Arab Salaam and the sälam of the ethiosemitic languages.

Etymology

The term shalom drift of the root shin - Lamed - Mem (ש. ל. ם), which has many cousins in the Semitic languages, and means entirety , completion , completion , wellbeing , as many concepts usually connoted in the word peace .

This is why the use of shalom in the Hebraic Bible often refers to conditions related to peace: safety, health, prosperity of the individuals and the nations. A verse of Isaïe (45: 7) to note: " I form the light and I create darkness; I make peace… " , i.e. " I establish the shalom between the light and the ténèbres" .

In the expressions

The term shalom is used in a variety of expressions and contexts in the Hebrew, written and spoken language:

• Shalom alekhem (שָׁלוֹםעֲלֵיכֶם; reads. " peace is on vous"), the complete form of the Hebraic hello are equivalent to " hello! ". The appropriate response is alekhem hashalom , " on you is the paix". The Arab equivalent is Assalamu alaikum .
• Shalom is by oneself a very common abbreviation, used in modern Hebrew by the Israelis to say " bonjour" like " goodbye ". He is in that similar to the Aloha hawaïen or with the Indian Namaste . In Israel, among the profane public, it tends to fall in disuse to the profit from " b' ye" (English) or " yallah b' ye" (an Arab mixture of and English). This tendency is strongly deplored by the traditionalists and the purists. It on the other hand always is used, decorated blessings varied such as Shalom ouvrakha (" Peace and bénédiction"), like by the Jews, and sometimes the not-Jews, of the whole world.
• Shabbat shalom (שַׁבָּתשָׁלוֹם) is a safety common used to Shabbat, or to wish " a good shabbat" by anticipation -- cf " good week-end" , at least in the areas under influence Sépharade, mizrahi you or Israeli. The communities Ashkénaze S of the Diaspora use also, even preferably, the equivalent Yiddish has gut shabbes .
• My sh' lom' kha? (מַהשְׁלוֹמְךָ; reads. " which is of your plenitude? ") is the Hebrew equivalent of " how are you? ".
• Alav hashalom (עַלָיוהַשָּׁלוֹם; reads. " on him the paix") is sometimes used in certain Jewish circles after having mentioned a person deceased sizeable and respected (such as for example the Patriarches or Moïse, but also of the more recent spiritual guides, particularly in the hassidic communities ). To compare with the " alayhi is-salaam ", commonly pronounced by the Moslem after the evocation of Muhammad.
• Ossè shalom (bimeromav) is the beginning of a passage commonly used like final sentence of many Jewish prayers (of which the Birkat Hamazon , the Kaddish and the personal prayer of the Amidah ).
  Le passage in its entirety is " עוֹשֶֹהשָׁלוֹםבִּמְרוֹמָיו, הוּאיַעֲשֶֹהשָׁלוֹםעָלֵינוּ, וְעַלכָּליִשְֹרָאֵלוְאִמְרוּאָמֵן (Ossĕ shālom bīmromāv hou ya' assĕ shālom aleinou vè' Al kol Yisraël vè' imrou amen). " , " That which carries out the shalom in Its heights, makes it peace on us and any Israel; and said, Amen." , clearly inspired of the passage of Isaïe mentioned above.

In modern Hebrew, " payer" lèshalem (לְשַׁלֵּם, to supplement) is said, and " complet" shalem is said (שָׁלֵם).

As a name

Shalom, divine Name

The Talmud (Shab. 10b) sign that " the Name of God is 'Shalom'" , while basing itself on.
Consequently, it is prohibited, due to impropriety, to greet somebody by shalom (which is used to say " bonjour" or " goodbye " , in modern Hebrew as in biblical Hebrew) in impure places, like a bathroom or latrines, like in period of mourning.

Shalom, name of people

Shalom is not so widespread like first name, apart from Israel. One counts in particular a Shalom Harlow, actress and model, the Rabbin S Yossef Shalom Eliashiv, Shalom Carmy and Shalom Shachna. The first name Sh' lomo (שלמה, Solomon ), literally Its peace, referring to God of Shalom, is more current.

Still let us note

• Silvan Shalom (politicking Israeli affiliated to the Likoud, and its wife Judy Shalom Nir-Mozes
• Cholem Aleichem (writer Yiddish celebrates)

Shalom, name of organizations

Shalom was often built-in the name of pacifist organizations. Among those:

• Shalom Archav
• Brit Tzedek v' Shalom
• Brit Shalom
• Gush Shalom
• Hevel Shalom
• Firn Shalom

Others

• Shalom Sesame is the name of a television program derived from 1 rue Sésame, diffused in American Jewish youth in order to make them discover Israel.

See too

• Shlama and Salaam

• Şalom, newspaper partially written in Judeo-Spanish