Seville ( Spanish Sevilla in ) is a city of the south of the Spain, capital of the province éponyme and the autonomous Community of Andalusia.

Populated by: 704414 inhabitants in 2006, located at the center of an agricultural rich person area, crossed by the Guadalquivir and connected to an important communication network, the city is the economic, political and cultural heart of the Andalusia, and constitutes one of the most important cities of the country, but also of the Europe of the South.

It is also a city with the prestigious past, having bequeathed an artistic inheritance of an immense richness, which does one of the tourist destinations of them more the appraisals of Europe, and haloes it of a certain prestige. Its monuments, the many artists who were born there or there have work, his glorious history, its traditional festivals, but also its climate thus contributed to its fame.

Etymology, currency, blazon

The name of Sevilla comes from the old toponym Ishbiliya which was given to him at the time Moslem woman.

The currency of Seville east NO 8 C. The 8 represents a wool hank here, madeja in Spanish. The sentence is thus read: No madeja C, contraction of No me ha dejado , it did not leave me . This formula refers to the king Alphonse X Wise the, which, driven out capacity by his/her son Sanche, future Sanche IV, in 1282, took refuge in Seville, one of the very rare towns of its crown to be to him remained faithful vis-a-vis his/her rebellious son. It died there in 1284. This currency is reproduced on the municipal flag.

The blazon, as for him, represents the king Ferdinand III of Castille, conquering city in 1248, surrounded by holy Isidore and of his/her brother holy Léandre who were both archbishops of Seville to S. the currency of the city appears in the bottom of the blazon.

History

See also: History of Seville

Antiquity

According to the legend, Seville was founded by the Tartessiens around the VIII E, under the name of Ispal or Spal (according to the Latin sources). The first stable site of settlement was localized at the edge of the Guadalquivir, on a small headland, now known under the name of Cuesta del Rosario . It is at this place that the river ceases being navigable for the large boats.

The city was then populated by the Greek Phéniciens and the .

Seville finds in the middle of the Second Punic War: the Carthaginois seize in -216 it. The battle of Ilipa makes it possible the Romains to conquer it in -206.

The city is renamed Hispalis, and is rebuilt. Its moving temperament leads nevertheless the Romans to found another city in the vicinity: Itálica, which becomes the residential city, while Hispalis preserves its commercial functions.

Jules César equips it with a new enclosure in -49, then the pupil in -45 with the row of Roman colony. It becomes an important city then, dominating all the Bétique.

At the time of the Great invasions, Seville is conquered successively by the Vandales in 426, then by the Suèves in 441.

The latter nevertheless will be driven out by the Visigoths after the battle of the Órbigo river in 456.

The Middle Ages

Seville wisigothic

The Visigoths are driven out of Gaulle by the Francs in 507. Then begin slow but determining conquest of the Iberian peninsula, on which Goths had started to take their marks at the previous century.

Hispalis is renamed Spali, and is found in the center of the conflicts which tear the kingdom:

• in the years 549, Spali is the theater of the election of Agila I {{er}}. A competitor, Athanagild faces him and turns over the situation in its favor, with the support of Spali and the assistance of the troops of Justinien. Those benefit from it to occupy Bétique and Spali, which balks to be submitted to the Visigoths

• Léovigild names his/her son Herménégild, duke of Bétique. Herménégild is established in Seville, and benefitting from the religious conflicts between holding of the arianism - official - and the Catholicism - to which it converted -, it is proclaimed in Spali and starts a revolt against his father. This one besieges the city which is used as a basis for Herménégild, and puts it in rout, before making it put at death, vis-a-vis its refusal to abjure Catholicism. After these events, Spali remains with the variation of the political life and soldier of the kingdom.

The city is expressed from now on through the culture, of which it becomes one of the most brilliant hearths of Occident, thanks to the action of holy Léandre and holy Isidore, the two more famous archbishops of Seville, who develop in particular the library.

The Moslem city

Seville was an Arab city from 712 to 1248. But the influence of the Moslem culture was more durable, and marks in particular in the style known as mudéjar (especially Palacio of Pedro el Cruel). Among the monuments which remain of the Arab time: high walls of Alcazar, the tower of Gold at the edge of Guadalquivir, and especially Giralda (old minaret).

Initially, the political capital of El-Andalusians was Cordoue, seat of an emirate promoted in caliphate into 929. In 844, Seville is devastated by the Norman ones, then again in 858 by the chief Viking Hasting.

About 1010 caliphate of Cordoue with yielded the place to several Moslem kingdoms, of which that of Seville was particularly brilliant: the first king Moor in Seville was Abad Ier (1015-1041), of Syrian origin. A tradition wants that his/her back-small-girl Zaida (girl or daughter-in-law of Abad III) became the mistress and perhaps the wife of Alphonse VI of Castille, the king which took Tolède in 1085, after being made baptized. In any case the policy of Alphonse VI, combining force and seduction, worried the kings Moors, who called upon Almoravides in 1086. The latter reunified El-Andalusians, with Grenade for capital, and Seville fell in their capacity in 1091, but there was again division about 1150. The apogee of Seville Moslem woman is marked in second half of the 12th century. It is the time of the dynasty of Almohades, illustrated by Al-Mansour (1184-1199). Almohades unified once more El-Andalusians and support Seville.

The Christian city

After the conquest operated by saint Ferdinand III (head office of Seville for 18 months), the kings and the catholic clergy wanted little by little to reorganize the city: construction of new palates, destruction of the mosque, replaced by a cathedral which one wanted one of vastest of Christendom, churches and convents. On the other hand the juderia changed little. If the capital of the kingdom of Castille were Burgos, the court was in fact itinerant, and of many sovereigns took pleasure to remain more or less durably in Seville (of which Alphonse X the Wise one, Pierre Ier the Cruel one). That stimulated the activity of the building, the craft industry of art, the cultural life. Thanks to the irrigation developed by the Arabs, the campaigns of the area are flourishing. As the ships of the time have a weak draft, one can embark in Seville for navigations océanes (Vespucci, Magellan). The city is overflowing of life, and Isabelle II creates a Produce exchange in 1503. One perhaps exaggerated the importance of Seville by allotting 400.000 inhabitants to him, but, even if it comprised only 200.000 of them, it was one of the more big cities of the world of this time.

Seville at the Century of Gold

What one usually understands by " century of or" extends from the reign of Charles Quint to that of Philippe IV. The assessment for Seville is contrasted. In unfavourable points: the progressive stranding of Guadalquivir, which involves a transfer to Cadiz from a good part of the sea traffic, the departure of the Jews and Moslems. In favorable points: the existence of a university founded in 1504, the work ordered by the kings, the existence of a brilliant school of painting, where three generations are distinguished: Roela and Pacheco with the first, Herrera the Old man and Zurbaran with the second, Murillo with the third. Velasquez was born in Seville in this carrying medium. This school of painting must much with orders of monasteries, which suggests the existence of an intense religious life and a certain richness, thanks to donations made at the religious institutions and the incomes drawn from land and buildings.

Decline of the 18th century

The decline of the 18th century is relative. It seems well that Cadiz, where the warehouse colonial commercial is transferred as well as the Casa contratación (chamber of commerce) local, mark much of points in the competition with Seville, and the extent of constructions baroques in Cadiz testifies some. Nevertheless Seville is not forsaken, and it receives a beautiful tobacco factory, had with the architect Vicente Acero. The tobacco arrives from America, and it is seen that Seville profits from repercussions of the Atlantic trade. This manufacture employed around: 5000 workers (of which later Carmen…). In addition the king Charles III created a factory of guns which, for the time, used a advanced technology. There were textile trades (wool, silk), an important manufacture of porcelain. One is certain that the population of Seville at the 18th century was of: 100000 inhabitants, which is much. Seville was a town of learned societies, libraries, encyclopedic knowledge.

Seville with the S

• ibéro-American Exposure of 1929: pushed back a long time, in particular because of the First World War, it marked the entry of Seville in the 20th century.

• World Fair of 1992: the city accommodates the World Fair of 1992, year ostentation for Spain since this same year, Madrid was indicated cultural Capitale Europe and Barcelona accommodated the Olympic Games of summer.

• European Summit of 2002: June 2002, end of the top of Europe from which one of the main themes was the installation of a more strict anti-migratory policy, but the position defended by Jose María Aznar, Tony Blair and Silvio Berlusconi was criticized by other European governments. June 20th, a general strike was organized by the opposition parties (socialist and communist), as well as the two great Spanish trade unions (UGT, CCOO) to be opposed to the Decretazo , i.e. the modification of the rules of the allowance of unemployment by the Spanish government. It as should be added as the top of the 15 countries of the European Union was not only. At the same time a against-top was orchestrated by various organizations to be opposed to the European policy (because according to them, it defends a Europe of the capital and the selfishness néolibéral ) to be opposed to the restrictions against the Immigration and to defend a social universalization.

Geography

Situation

Located at the south-west of Spain, Seville profits from a site privileged, largely open towards the outside and which is based on two major geographical characteristics.

On the one hand, the city is crossed by the Guadalquivir, navigable to the Andalusian capital. The river offers an access to the sea to him, which explains its dominating place in the history of a city which was built by and around him. Essential transportation route, Guadalquivir allowed the development of a still active river trade to date, and which knew its apogee at the time of the constitution of the Spanish empire. In addition, Seville dominates the vega (flat) of Guadalquivir, the Campiña sevillana . This vast extended from slightly corrugated plains is exploited since centuries for its fertility which contributed to the richness of the city. Cereal cultures , market-gardening, olive-growing, or breeding of cattle (toros brave in particular), did not cease being developed on these grounds which continue to make live the area.

This enviable position offers to Seville a frank opening towards the areas bordering, on which its influence extends: the Aljarafe , the Alcor and the sierras northern and south of the province.

The city, served by a dense communication network, is with 125  km of Cadiz, 140  km of Cordoue, 219  km of Málaga, 250  km of Grenade, 541  km of Madrid and 1046  km of Barcelona.

Climate

Located at the south of Spain, not far from the African continent, Seville from a Mediterranean climate very clearly profits, while being subject to continental influences.

Its position moderately far away from the sea, in the vast plain of Guadalquivir, enables him to enjoy a relatively soft and lenient climate throughout the year. The annual average temperature is established with 18,6  °C (minimal: 12,2  °C; maximum: 24,9  °C).

Nevertheless, Seville knows particularly long and torrid summers, with average maximum temperatures exceeding the 25  °C from May to October. The peaks of temperatures are reached between June and September, at one period when mercury exceeds the bar of the 30  constantly; °C, even of the 40  °C.

The pluviometric mode of the Andalusian capital also corresponds him to that of a Mediterranean climate (533  mm of annual average), precipitations being basically distributed October in April. The falls of rain are on the other hand almost null in the middle of the summer, where only some storms come to sprinkle the area.

Demography

The commune of Seville is the center of an agglomeration which extends on: 1460 km ², and gather: 1182480 inhabitants, which makes the fourth agglomeration of Spain of it.

According to the Spanish Institute of the statistics (INNATE), the city in itself counted: 704414 inhabitants in 2006, also placing it at the fourth rank of the Spanish cities in term of population, after Madrid, Barcelona and Valence.

The Andalusian institute of statistics (IAE) delivered the following figures for the year 2006:

• Share of the men: 47,74%

• Share of the women: 52,26%
• Share of less than 20 years: 20,29%
• Share of more than 65 years: 15,69%
• Share from abroad: 2,94% (majority nationality: Ecuadorian)
• Births: 7.905
• Death: 6.088

These quantified indications are revealing dynamism of the city which attracts, because of various factors, from many Spanish and abroad. Center agglomeration, Seville sees nevertheless developing around it dormitory towns outside, populated workers who go in the capital to work, but resident. This situation has partly explained the problems of important transport observed for several years, and the development of tram lines (whose first line service entrance on October 28th, 2007) and of subway (of which the first line, planned for 2008, will connect is in the west while passing under Guadalquivir).

According to the last complete census carried out by the IAE, in 2001, a share very definitely majority of the population is employed in the tertiary sector, stimulated in particular by the tourist activity. 80,60% of the active population work in this sector. The secondary industry accounts for 17,73% more of the credits; the sector of construction monopolizes 39,05% of the uses of the secondary, that is to say 6,92% of the total of the active population sévillane. As for employment related on agriculture and fishing, they account for nothing any more but 1,68% of the credits of the city.

Administration

The town of Seville is managed by a municipal council made up of the mayor and city council men, thirty-two. The Town hall is installed in a building of the 16th century, on the Plaza Nueva and the Plaza San Francisco .

Under the terms of the Constitution, national and autonomic laws, the mayor has authority on the whole of the administrative services and financial of the city, which it is charged to direct in the fields of his competences.

The two principal bodies of management of the city are:

• the municipal council ( Pleno ): composed of the whole of the city council men, and chaired by the Mayor, it has in load the election of the first magistrate, and its possible dismissal, the control of the municipal action, the approval of the projects and local by-laws, the budget, etc work of the Municipal council are studied and prepared in committee. The ordinary sessions take place third Thursday of each month, except for August.

• the local government council ( Junta de Gobierno ): chaired by the mayor, it is composed city council men appointed by this last, with maximum height of a third of the total of the municipal council. At these weekly meetings, whose deliberations are held secret, the members of this political council work out, discuss and approve the projects which will be then discussed as a municipal council: draft Regulations, budget… They also rule on the offer of public employment to the town hall.

The city is in addition divided into eleven districts, intended to decline with nearest to the citizens the general policy of the city:

The current Mayor of the city east Alfredo Sánchez Monteseirín, PSOE. This doctor, born in 1957, was elected in 1999 and was re-elected in 2003 (with the voices of the PSOE and Pa, Partido andalucista ) and in 2007 (with the voices of the PSOE, Izquierda Unida, Los Verdes and Convergencia Andaluza). The current Municipal council is composed of 15 elected officials of the PSOE (of which the mayor), 15 elected officials of the PP, and 3 elected officials of IU-LV-CA.

Transport

The Andalusian capital is connected to an important communication network, it connecting by ways road, air and railway with the whole of Andalusia, the Iberian peninsula and with the rest of Europe. The Expo' 92 played a central role in the development of the transport infrastructures, the president of the Government Felipe González, sévillan of origin, having actively supported this policy of opening-up of the city. In addition, the municipality and the Andalusian government set up a very dense network of urban transport by Autobus. The first line of Tramway was inaugurated in October 2007 between Plaza Nueva and Prado de San Sebastián. Moreover, the first line of Métro should see the day in 2008.

Air transport

Seville has a Aéroport located at some 10  km of the center of the city: the Airport of Sevilla San Pablo . Completely restructured and increased at the time of the Expo' 92, the terminal from now on is connected to the principal airports of the country (Barcelona, Madrid, Palma, Bilbao…) and of Europe (Paris, London…). Though placed in the shade of the large international airport of Málaga, San Pablo received, in 2005: 3870600 passengers, including 22,30% coming from the foreigner.

Rail-bound transport

In preparation for the Expo' 92, Seville was seen granting the first line to Spanish high speed (AVE), connecting the city to Madrid, via Cordoue. Very modern Gare of Santa Justa was built in order to accommodate the new oars of the AVE, and was inaugurated by the king little before the Exposure. The station is served daily by about thirty trains at high speed, which transported: 1423498 passengers in 2006. Nevertheless, the configuration of the Spanish traditional lines at the present time does not make it possible to directly connect Seville to all the Spanish big cities. Only some agglomerations are connected to it, such Barcelona or Valence.

On the other hand, the Renfe and the Andalusian government developed an excellent regional network, linking the most important localities of the province and the community. In addition, Seville profits from a service of Cercanías (regional network) which regularly connects it with the communes of its metropolitan surface.

Road transport

Seville enjoys an optimal connection to the road network ( autovías , fast tracks) and highway ( autopistas , paying highways) national, which connects the Andalusian capital to the main cities of the country. The city, girded by-passs and access roads, is crossed by:

• Autovía LED On - A4: Madrid-Cordoue-Seville-sherry of Frontera

• Autopista LED On - AP-4: Seville-Cadiz
• A47: Seville-Portugal, by Rosal of Frontera
• Autovía del Quinto Centenario - A49: Seville-Huelva-Ayamonte-Portugal
• Autovía Ruta of Plata - A66: Gijón-Salamanque-Badajoz-Seville
• A92: Seville-Almería

Transport in the coach is used much more in Spain than in other countries of Europe, like France. Seville is equipped with two coach stations ( Estación del Prado de San Sebastián , Estación of Plaza de Armas ), from where are ensured of the connections with all Andalusia, Spain, Portugal and Europe.

Urban transport

The municipality, the diputación and the autonomous community organized a vast urban grid system, managed by the company TUSSAM, which ensures the operation of tens of lines of buses which irrigate the close city and its surroundings.

In 2003, in co-operation with the Ministry for Transport, the Andalusian Government and the city the building work of the first line of subway sévillane initiated. This initiative meets the needs increasing for transport in the agglomeration, taken in the daily congestions. Projected in the years 1970, then abandoned little time afterwards for technical reasons and financial, this line should be born in 2008, and must be supplemented by other underground connections in the following years.

Always with the aim of optimize the transport system, a tram line, baptized Metrocentro was built through the center of the city (between Avenida Carlos V and Plaza Nueva). It was inaugurated on October 28th, 2007.

Always by preoccupation with an unchoking of the center, several tens of kilometers of cycle tracks were installation these last years. In parallel, the city installed into 2007 of many points of hiring of bicycles, of which the number does not cease increasing: in the medium term, 2500 bicycles will be available on 250 points of hiring through the city.

Economy

The economic activity of Seville could not be detached from the geographical and urban context of the city. Capital of Andalusia is center of vast agglomeration, whose sustained high growth testifies to the attractivity of the city and its neighborhoods, which profit in return from attraction that the chief town exerts, while seeing to settle many inhabitants but also of vast industrial and commercial parks.

The climate and art of living sévillans are factors of attractivity for a city equipped with an excellent communication network, and enjoying a privileged geographical site. Seville is located thus at the head of the Andalusian cities in the economic domain.

The infrastructures available to the city contribute to the growth of an economy dominated by the service sector, but in which industry still holds a considerable place.

Infrastructures

The Economic development of the city and its urban surface is explained by the presence of fundamental infrastructures for circulation of the goods and the people, but also for the evolution of the companies and their activities. Their creation accompanied the growth by the agglomeration sévillane.

In addition to the optimal grid system serving it (see supra), Seville only lays out of the river port of the Iberian peninsula, located at 80  km of the mouth of Guadalquivir. This harbor complex offers an access to the Atlantique and the the Mediterranean, and allows trade in goods between the south of Spain (Andalusia, Extrémadure) and the Europe, the the Middle East and of the North Africa. The port underwent these last years of important works of restructuring and enlarging. Annual tonnage rose to 5,3 million tons of goods in 2006.

Seville has a Center of goods transport in addition. This complex, located at the east of the city, is connected to the rail networks and truck drivers, which allow him an access to the zones harbor and airport.

Seville being turned since about fifteen years towards the promotion of the Tourism of businesses, it was provided for this purpose of a Palate with the congresses. This one accommodates various fairs and congress, and rose with the third Spanish rank in term of annual frequentation, which rises to a million visitors.

Lastly, decided to reinforce the technological and industrial dimension of the economic activity of the city, the public authorities proceeded to the establishment of industrial Parks and technopolises. Seville and its neighborhoods shelter several industrial parks of importance. Dos Hermanas accommodates the greatest Andalusian industrial park, while Alcalá de Guadaíra has the vastest industrial surface of the community. In Seville two were in addition arranged Technopôle S of high-quality:

• the Parks Científico Tecnológico Sevilla Tecnopolis , which gathers on: 900000  m ² of the companies, research centres and departments university directed towards the development of new technologies. : 9000 people work there. It is most important technopolis of this kind in Spain, in terms of turnover.
• the Parks Tecnológico there Aeronáutico Aerópolis , established on: 580000  m ² and directed towards the aircraft industry

Characteristics by sector

The town of Seville and its agglomeration have, from their situation in the middle of the plain of Guadalquivir, maintained a activity agricultural dynamic, industry Agroalimentaire is flourishing there. Nevertheless, the area for a long time turned to the future, while investing massively in the industrial activities, supported by the existing infrastructures, and, more and more, towards the services and the New technologies. Seville concentrated, into 2004,31% from the Andalusian large companies and 128 of: 6000 plus national large companies. The agglomeration counted in 2005 a Active population of: 471947 people, of which: 329471 (69,81%) for the city centers.

• the agricultural sector represents hardly than 1,3% of the credits of the city. The cereal, market-gardening, olive-growing cultures and of citrus fruits constitute the agricultural main activity in this zone of Andalusia.

• the secondary industry contributes to a total value of 28% with GDP of the agglomeration. It employed, into 2005,15,2% of the credits of the commune of Seville. It well is established in the agglomeration, is stimulated by the many industrial parks, the presence of adequate logistic infrastructures and the proximity of the complexes of bays of Cadiz and Algésiras, and Huelva. The dominant activities are:

• the Heavy industry:
• energy: the companies Endesa and its subsidiary company Sevillana de Electricidad, specialized in the generation and the transmission electricity, but also renewable energies and telecommunications; Repsol (hydrocarbons); Gas Natural (distribution of gas); …
• chemistry: 300 companies (whose Brenntag) are present in the sector, generating surroundings: 3000 employment in the agglomeration
• metallurgy: design of end products by a thousand of companies employing approximately: 7000 people
• sector of the construction: this very dynamic sector in Spain employs 7,8% of the active population sévillane, and accounts for 11% of the local GDP. : 5000 contractors are present in the sector.
• Agroalimentary Industry : profiting from the agricultural productions of the valley of Guadalquivir, the agglomeration sévillane has an extremely active and powerful agroalimentary sector at the national level. Some: 1000 companies of the branch are primarily specialized in the transformation and the distribution of:
• soft drinks and the Beer: factories of Coca-Cola and PepsiCo, brewery of the Cruzcampo mark and its head office, Heineken
• Olive oil, produced in quantity in this olive-growing area
• Tobacco: machine Altadis
• …
• Industrie related to transport: Seville is distinguished in this field
• aircraft industry: factories EADS - CASA where certain models of the European manufacturer are assembled (Eurocopter Tigre, Airbus A400M,…). Certain elements of the Airbus A380 are also prepared in these places. Many a subcontractors and innovating companies specialized in this field revolve around giant EADS.
• Automobile construction : Seville is the principal automobile production center of the south of Spain, grace in particular to the presence of the factory Renault San Jerónimo.
• Naval construction: shipyards of Seville (in major reorganization, and threatened of closing since 2004)

• the service sector employs 83,5% of the active population of Seville. It currently represents a significant share of the local GDP and is articulated around the large following branches:

• Tourism: It is about an essential sector in the economy of the city, which received, in 2006: 2677017 tourists. The assets of Seville are its historical heritage and its dimension of town of culture, the presence of a Amusement park (Isla Mágica), its festivals of spring (Semana Santa, Feria de Abril) and its tourism of businesses.
• Trade: Seville is the first town of Spain in term of commercial surface per capita. : 25000 trade, of all sizes, are indexed in the agglomeration. The city exerts a considerable attraction on the areas neighborhood, and its potential of customers is estimated at: 2000000 of consumers. To the traditional trade of proximity, still very established in all the agglomeration, a panoply of great shopping malls is added, where of number the signs most representative of the large distribution were established. The city also lodges a certain number of logistic platforms of large distribution from where the goods bound for the stores of Andalusia are treated, of Extrémadure, the the Canaries and of the south of the Portugal.
• Service with the companies: with the support of the public authorities, the city developed this branch of industry, which represented, in 2003,12% of the local GDP. More: 1000 local companies are specialized in the human resources, the legal assistance, the council, the information systems and other forms of services.
• Finance departments: they account for 6% of the GDP (2003) and make of Seville the principal financial center of the south of country, with more: 1000 branches. All the national establishments established at least an agency there, and many international banks settled there.

Research and development

Through its technopolises and its fabric of innovating companies, the Andalusian capital rose among the very first Spanish cities in term of Research and development. To that the scientific and technological activity of the three universities of the city is added, whose certain laboratories and research centres work in close connection with the local socio-economic medium. Thus, the Parque Científico Tecnológico Sevilla Tecnopolis gathers private and public actors in various fields of research.

The main axes of research and innovation are articulated around the Télécommunications, of new technologies, the Biotechnologies (in relation to local agricultural specificities), of the Environnement or of the renewable energies.

Higher education

Three Université S are established in Seville, of which a private university. These three establishments gather approximately: 100000 student distributed on the various campuses available to faculties.

• Universidad de Sevilla - Commonly called the Hispalense , this public university is oldest of the city. It was founded in 1505 by a bubble of the pope Jules II. It accommodates approximately: 100000 students, in its many faculties, schools and institutes, covering the majority of the disciplinary fields, since the letters with sciences of health while passing by technologies or arts. The seat of the University is located in the old Royal Factory of Tobacco, an immense building of the 18th century, which also accommodates faculties of Letters, Social sciences and Right. The other structures are established in the various installations of the establishment, with the four corners of the city.

• Universidad Pablo de Olavide - This small public university was founded in 1997. Built with the variation of the center, it accommodates approximately 8.600 students, in particular in the fields of legal sciences, economic and social, of humanities and sciences of the alive one. It maintains in addition the very close links with the Latin America.

• Universidad San Pablo - It is about the only private university of Andalusia. Founded in 2002, it depends on the Fundación San Pablo Andalucía , itself attached to the Asociación Católica Nacional de Propagandistas , based in Madrid. It has a campus with Bormujos, in the agglomeration sévillane, with Cordoue and Jerez of Frontera.

In addition, the Andalusian government founded in 1994 the Universidad Internacional de Andalucía , which has four sites distributed on the territory of the community, including one in Seville. This establishment proposes formations absent from the lesson exempted by the universities of the area.

Town planning and habitat

Seville is a town of plain, whose average altitude rises with 7 meters above the sea level. She thus did not know the urban difficulties which characterize the urban development to the more broken relief. The Urbanisme of this old city of more than two thousand years preserves the traces of the passage of the various people which occupied it. Its extension on two banks of Guadalquivir was done gradually, with an obvious acceleration as from the 20th century. Parks, broad avenues, vast places surround an immense historical sector, which preserves a local habitat at the marked personality.

Town planning

The historical center constitutes the heart of the city, it is him which evolved/moved the most, and which was marked the most by the passage of time. It is characterized by:

• an urban screen inherited the medieval time . The majority of the districts of the center preserved the escarpées streets and lanes, and of width reduced to preserve sun;

• an imposing presence of historic buildings of all types and times which deeply influence the morphology of the city, which was built around them;
• the boring of avenues and the installation of great places to the S, to irrigate the sector, to facilitate circulation, and to make of Seville a modern city. In spite of these modernization campaigns, the traffic remains difficult, because of the general configuration of the center, in narrow streets;
• its traditional habitat, very tightened;
• the plantation of orange trees along many ways.

It thus constitutes still a splendid urban mosaic, surrounding the historical heritage of a network of narrow streets, alternating with ventilated places and broader ways which drain the motor vehicle traffic.

As from the 19th century, and especially of, the city really started to overflow of the perimeter of the wall. Then districts increasingly many and moved away were gradually established. This development was marked by:

• the construction of the sector of the park María Luisa at the time of the ibéro-American Exposure of 1929: gardens, parts of water, great places, theater, houses national, and new districts ( El Porvenir , San Bernardo ,…) ;

• construction as of the 19th century of bridges on Guadalquivir, allowing to connect the center to Right Bank of the river (Triana), which extended considerably since;
• the boring of a long belt of course surrounding the center (the Rondas );
• the construction as from years 1960 of large cities, in order to absorb the increase in population ( Tired 3000 , Los Remedios , the Polígonos …) ;
• installations, reorganizations and restorations at the time of the World Fair of 1992: new transport infrastructures, refitting of the quays, new districts…

All these districts are connected between them and with the center by large planted avenues of palm trees and orange trees. These ways themselves are then connected to the networks of interurban road transport. The whole with an aim of supporting displacements and communications. The quays of Guadalquivir became on kilometers a flowered place of walk, which returned its river to the city.

Districts

The principal districts of the city are:

Habitat

There exists in Seville a traditional habitat, which was the rule before the large waves of urbanization of the years 1960 and posterior. One still finds these typical, sometimes modest, sometimes luxurious constructions in the historical center of the city and the districts alentours.

The popular residence sévillane, which one finds mainly in the districts such as Macarena or San Vicente is characterized by its weak rise. Organized around a small patio, it includes/understands seldom more one or two stages. The parts are small and dark. It is surmounted by a roof platform, called azotea , in the hardly tilted plan, because of the weak pluviometry locale.

Beside this popular habitat the buildings cossus, higher multiplied, and with more ostentatious architecture, containing mouldings, consoles, balconies of style victorien,… These houses are often very colorées.

There exist characteristics common to these masonries, whatever their degree of richnesses, and this, in all Andalusia:

• the Patio: it is present in all the houses, its dimensions and its decoration being function of the size of the building. Supposed to bring the shade and freshness in full summer, it is also a place of life and meetings. It is always decorated plants and flowers; most comfortable of them are decorated of a fountain.
• lime: that it humble or opulent, is made bricks or stones, the residence is regularly limed, in order to ensure a whiteness bright the frontages. One however notices that in Seville, contrary to what occurs in the remainder from Andalusia, the frontages are seldom unicoloured. Indeed, the habitat sévillan is characterized by its taste to brighten the buildings, in particular with contours of the windows and the doors, and on the low part of the walls, of colors plus sharp contrasting with the white. The most common colors are the red blood of bull and the ocher yellow.
• openings: the windows are often of reduced size, in order to limit to the maximum the penetration of heat in the parts. They are decorated grids out of wrought iron.
• azulejos: who are squares of earthenware assembled in fresco at the base of the walls and reproducing more or less refined reasons.

With the acceleration of housing construction for a few decades in the new districts, the traditional habitat of the city has tended to be erased, with the profit of functional buildings of great capacity of reception. Often nevertheless, the frontages are painted of white, in order to preserve a certain unit. In the center on the other hand, new constructions are often integrated into the already existing frame.

Parks and gardens

The local urban history is marked by the taste of the gardens, which appears in the shape of patios, public gardens and other parks. This concern for the green areas was maintained until today: many are the zones of walk which were arranged in the city and its neighborhoods. In the right way of the Andalusian tradition, these places of greenery harmoniously mix the vegetable element and the watery element, which in fact of the places of rest and freshness sought in summer period. Among the most famous parks and gardens appear:

• the park María Luisa: the field on which it extends belonged formerly to the gardens of the Palate of San Telmo. It was offered to the city in 1893 by the infante María Luisa Fernanda of Orleans, then transformed little by little into a vast timbered park, strewn with fountains, ponds, houses, and alternating the plantations with English with small islands of inspiration hispano-Moorish. Planted of a variety of considerable species, it is populated by several species of birds, fish and batrachians. It was completely restructured at the time of the ibéro-American Exposition of 1929. One established part of the national houses then to with it, around lanes and of places, of which emblématiques are: the Plaza de España and the Plaza de América.

• gardens of Alcázar, arranged with the back of the palatine unit. They were planted and organized with the wire of the centuries. Sheltered within the walls of the palate, they are laid out in terraces, and present variations of influence, style, plants, according to the sectors.

• gardens of Murrillo and gardens of Catalina de Ribera: joined with the wall of Alcázar and the district of Santa Cruz

Other gardens:

Historic buildings and remarkable sites

See also: Monuments of Seville

Seville has an architectural heritage of a considerable width. It is in that one of the richest European cities. Its various churches, palates and buildings make of it a town of art of first order, and a privileged destination of the tourists.

Religious heritage

Seville is a city eminently impregnated by the religion, as testify some the very high number of places of worship. Among most famous:

• the cathedral and the Giralda, classified with the World heritage of Humanity by UNESCO;

Civil inheritance

The richness of the city made it possible to the men to be able and the laic and ecclesiastical institutions to build sumptuous residences. Among the most spectacular civil buildings of the city are distinguished several palates:

• the Reales Alcázares, classified with the World heritage of Humanity by UNESCO;
• Put it of Pilatos
• the palate archiépiscopal;
• Palacio de San Telmo;
• Palacio of mow Dueñas;
• Palacio of Condesa de Lebrija

Other civil buildings are worthy to be mentioned:

• the town hall of Seville;

• the General Archivo of Indias, classified with the World heritage of Humanity by UNESCO;
• Plaza de Toros of Real Maestranza de Caballería de Sevilla (arenas);
• Real Fábrica de Tábacos;
• Hospital of mow Cinco Llagas

Military inheritance

Seville preserves some vestiges of its strengthened enclosure:

• Wall of Macarena;
• the Torre del Oro
• Torre of Plata

Arts and culture

Museums

; Seville and Art schools

The last opulence of Seville bequeathed to this one an artistic inheritance of an exceptional width. Noble convents, churches, brotherhoods, monarchs and spent of fortunes in constructions and in works of Article the artistic madness which seized Seville between supported the development of a recognized school sévillane, whose origin goes back to the Bas the Middle Ages. The patrons attracted the large Gothic Masters and baroques of painting, the sculpture and decorative arts: Zurbarán, Valdés Leal, Velázquez, Murillo, Herrera el Viejo, Herrera el Mozo, Pedro Millán, Juan Martínez Montañés, Juan de Mesa, etc. The close links woven between Spain and the worlds Flemish and Germanic stimulated the cultural exchanges and the arrival of Masters of the Northern Europe. Works of these artists can still be admired nowadays in the places of worship and the palates, but also in the museums of the city.

; Museums

There does not exist in Seville of large Musée of art of international stature, such as with Madrid, where the imposing collections of the Spanish Crown and the State are concentrated. The museums of the Andalusian capital, without that being able to call into question their importance, are directed towards the development of the local and regional inheritance: artistic, cultural or ethnological inheritance. Among these museums, for the majority managed by the self government, three are devoted to art and archeology, and rise with the prize list of the largest national galleries their categories.

Most important of the museums of the east city without question the Museum of the fine arts of Seville , where painting and the sculpture are particularly represented. Placed in a sumptuous monastery of the 18th century, it shelters one of the very first collections of painting of Spain. Its collections, which cover the Histoire of art Moyen-âge at the 20th century, emphasize the productions of the school of local painting, of which the most prestigious achievements belong to the period baroque. The fabrics of Francisco de Zurbarán and Bartolomé Esteban Murillo constitute the masterpieces of them, at the sides of tables of other large Spanish Masters (Diego Velázquez, Jose de Ribera, El Greco,…) and Europeans (Lucas Cranach, Joos van Cleve,…).

In the register of the museums of art also appear the archaeological Musée and the Andalusian Center of contemporary art , two museums of foreground at the national level in their fields of competence. The first, founded in 1867, is installed since 1946 in a house of the ibéro-American Exposure of 1929, on Plaza de América, in the middle of the Park María Luisa. Y is preserved one of the most important archaeological collections of Spain, consisted of more than 60.000 parts coming from Andalusian building sites of excavations, of ecclesiastical confiscations of goods led to the 19th century (the desamortizaciones ) and of various public collections and deprived. The collections also include/understand mainly objects of times prehistoric, protohistoric, tartessienne, Roman, but wisigothic and Moslem: Sculpture S, Mosaic S, Ceramic S, parts of Goldsmithery, objects of the daily newspaper, objects votive and funeral,… Two treasures of civilization tartessienne are in particular contained there: the treasure of Carambolo and that of Ébora. The Andalusian Center of Contemporary art (CAAC), as for him, was instituted in 1990 by the regional government. Established since 1997 in the old monastery of Cartuja, near the site of the Expo 92, it is devoted to research, promotion, the diffusion and the conservation in the field of contemporary artistic creation. In addition to one important permanent collection, the CAAC organizes temporary exhibitions regularly.

Lastly, there exists in Seville a whole of more modest museums, whose vocation is to emphasize certain aspects of the culture and the history local. Thus, the Ethnology and the Andalusian Popular culture profit from a window within the Museum from arts and popular cultures, installed in the house mudéjar, vis-a-vis the archaeological Museum. Dedicated to the conservation and the exposure of the regional popular memory, it offers to the visitors a vast whole of objects representative of the company, lifestyle and daily newspaper Andalusian: clothing, furniture, agricultural machinery, old photographs and engravings,… . Two aspects impossible to circumvent of the cultural heritage sévillan are the subject of a museographic promotion: the bullfighting, to which the Museum taurin located at the arenas of Maestranza is dedicated, and the Flamenco, with the honor in a museum which is entirely dedicated to him. The naval Museum, which occupies the Tour of gold, milked as for him of the Navigation, one of the central activities of the history of Seville. Other museums and showrooms supplement the local cultural panorama, with the image of the Museum of fit with body and the military Museum.

Theaters, operas and concert halls

; Theater and classical music

Seville, attended formerly by playwrights of the importance of Tirso de Molina, Cervantes and Lope de Vega, is for a long time a town of Théâtre. It also turned more recently to the opera.

Property of the city, the Theater Lope de Vega, baptized name of the famous playwright of the Century of gold, occupies the House of Seville, designed at the time of the ibéro-American Exposition of 1929 to shelter a theater and a casino. The stage performances of works of the Spanish traditional repertory and European compose the main part of the representations, but the room also accommodates cinematographic projections within the framework of the festival of the European cinema, as well as concerts of music and spectacles of Danse. The Theater of Maestranza was for its part created at the time of the Expo 92 and was inaugurated by the queen Sophie in 1991. It appears from now on in the leading bunch of the Spanish operas. The programming, of 180 annual spectacles, makes alternate representations of opera, theater, dance and Classical music.

; Contemporary creation

Contemporary creation is not absent from this city very anchored in the tradition. In the existence testifies to central Teatro, where various authors and companies of theater occur, dances, music with the primarily contemporary and current repertory, in collaboration with local cultural institutions (Center of Andalusian theater, Ballet flamenco of Andalusia.) and other theaters. These characteristics do of them one of the principal experimental scenes of Spain, and a tool for the diffusion and the promotion of contemporary creation in the field of the Performing arts. At the sides of the central Theater exist several more modest rooms, where representations of all types are given.

It should be noted in addition that the presence of an important youthful and student's population for a long time involved the emergence of concert halls of current music (Rock, Hip hop, Electronic music,…), official or more alternatives, tendency undoubtedly caused or accentuated by the phenomenon of the Movida. Seville remains however less dynamic than its Grenade neighbor, who proposes more packed offer. Lastly, Seville is the cradle of several musical interpreters of various styles: Mala Rodríguez and Dogma Crew (hip hop), Triana and Smash (progressive Rock'n'roll), Narco (Rap and Metal), Parachokes (rock'n'roll), Reincidentes (Punk).

Festivals

• Biennial of Flamenco;

• Festival LED movies 100% europeo (November);
• Festival iberoamericano Sevilla enters will culturas (January);
• Festival internacional of música Antigua (March);
• Pop South Festival - Festival of música independiente Ciudad of sevilla (March);
• Festival audiovisual Zemos98_9 (March);
• Festival internacional of teatro (March);
• Territorios Sevilla - Festival internacional of música of los pueblos (May-June);
• Various festivals of flamenco;
• concerts of summer in the open air.

Popular culture

Local festivals

Seville is a town of festivals, laymen and crowned. Marked by an intense religiosity, it celebrates throughout the year various celebrations in the honor of local patron saint. Most famous and the most important Christian festivity is famous the Holy Week, which forms with the not less famous Feria de Abril, the cycle of the Fiestas Primaverales , the Festivals of the Spring, most popular and attended. It is at this period of the year that the rejoicings beat their full.

• religious holidays

• Semana Santa: the most important religious celebration of this type in Spain attracts hundreds of thousands of believers and unbelievers, who come to admire the processions of the 57 brotherhoods of the city. It takes place of the Palm Sunday ( Domingo de Ramos ) at Sunday of Easter ( Domingo de Resurección ), and reached its paroxysm at the time of the Madrugá , in the night of the Thursday to the Good Friday, when leave the emblématiques congregations Seville. It gives place to a great animation in the city, whose hotels, the bars and the restaurants did not désemplissent.
• Romería del Rocío : five brotherhoods sévillanes take part in this great pilgrimage which leads towards the basilica of Rocío, with Almonte (Huelva, of the hundreds of thousands of faithful of all Andalusia come to foot, with horse or in the barouche to adore the holy effigy of the Vierge which left the church Sunday and Monday of Pentecost. The brotherhoods sévillanes leave for Huelva Wednesday preceding the demonstration, to join on the roads and ways their co-religionists.
• Día de San Fernando : each May 30th is celebrated holy Ferdinand III of Castille, the sovereign who took again the city with the Moslems in 1248. Its body is exposed to the population in the royal vault of the Cathédrale, where it rests. A mass is celebrated in the honor of the former monarch, then followed by a procession taken along by the corporation of the engineers of the city, whose holy Ferdinand is the owner. A festival similar to place with the holy Clement, on November 23rd, birthday day of the conquest of Seville. On this occasion, the municipal council, preceded by the mayor who carries the sword of the saint, carries out a procession but inside the cathedral.
• Día LED Corpus : the Fête God is celebrated since the Middle Ages with a great enthusiasm. After the mass celebrated in the cathedral, a long procession takes possession of the streets of the city, covered with thyme and rosemary, with the sound of the bells of the Giralda and with orchestras. All the civil authorities, military and nuns of the Andalusian capital take share there: archbishop's palace, town hall, university, police force, army, brotherhoods, chapter cathédral… A bullfight is organized on the occasion.
• Virgen of los Reyes : celebrated on August 15th, this festival is organized in the honor of the Virgin of the Kings, sponsors of Seville and its archdiocese since 1946. Its statue, which would have been ordered by Ferdinand III after a dream, throne in the center of the royal vault. This same statue would have accompanied the saint at the time of his triumphal entry in Seville. Always it is that the holy effigy is taken along in procession the morning of August fifteen, is accompanied by the religious authorities and the municipal council.
• Inmaculada Concepción : the last local festival of importance of the year takes place on December 8th in the honor of the Virgin, at the time of the celebration of the mystery of the Immaculate Conception. In addition to the masses, the most popular demonstration takes place on the Plaza del Triunfo where the tunas gather city to start songs in honor of Marie de Nazareth.
• Los Seises : it is about a group of ten children (at the origin six, from where their name) old between 9 and 12 years, whose existence goes up in the middle of the 15th century. They form an small group of dance and very appreciated song, charged with accompanying the procession by Corpus Christi and Inmaculada.

• Popular holidays:

• Feria de Abril: the great popular holiday of Seville is organized since 1847. Tens of thousands of autochtones and visitors evolve/move on a vast esplanade (the Real of Feria ) decorated and illuminated. Y are gathered hundreds of casetas: coloured huts, where one drinks, eats and dances until exhaustion, at the rate/rhythm of the sévillane. The day, the Real is the theater of an abstract equestrian procession, and bullfights are given each evening.
• Velá of Santiago there Santa Anna : probably going back to the 13th century, these festivities take place around on July 25th annually. They mix the layman with the monk. To the liturgical celebrations popular holiday is added indeed, who settles at the edge of Guadalquivir, in the Betis hold, in Triana. Casetas are assembled on this site, to make it possible all to water itself and to be restored. Various rejoicings are organized during these a few days.

Bullfighting

Seville is one of the high places of the Spanish bullfighting. Cradle many bullfighters and capital of one of the most famous brave cattle-rearing areas of toros, it is one of the most eminent hearths of the afición in Spain. To occur with the Maestranza is the dream of all Matador, and the triumphs in these places are pledges of a promising future.

; Arenas:

These arenas, oldest of Spain after those of Ronda, are classified in first category. Built as from the 18th century, they are the property of the Real Maestranza de Caballería de Sevilla , a corporation peerage-book, made up of descendants of the nobility Andalusian, and founded by Charles II, in 1670, starting from former medieval chivalrous brotherhoods. Its role was to train with the cavalry of war the officers of the Spanish army, and to entitle the latter to integrate the rows. Its original activities are clearly related to the équitation.
Elle is devoted today to various actions of benevolence, of artistic and cultural patronage, like with the promotion of the equestrian practice and the bullfighting. In this direction, it supports the school of bullfighting of the city. It is placed under the high patronage of the king, Hermano Mayor, since the reign of Philippe V, which granted several privileges to him.

; Bullfights:

Real Maestranza delegates the organization of the spectacles taurins to a private person receiving benefits, Hastened it Pages, held by the Canorea family. Adding up approximately 35 annual spectacles (what makes Maestranza the second arenas of Spain, after Madrid), the season taurine is held according to a traditional calendar, whose beginning is marked by the bullfight of Sunday of Easter (Domingo de Resurrección), most prestigious of the year. One or two weeks later is held the Feria de Abril , consisted of a series of a score of spectacles taurins over two weeks. The second part of the cycle coincides with the week of Farolillos , the Feria de Abril strictly speaking. Once the completed feria, the activity of the arenas loses in intensity. A cycle of Novillada S Sunday has in May place and June, then two bullfights are held with important dates of the liturgical calendar of the city, for the Corpus Christi (Festival God), and at August 15th, in honor of the Virgen of los Reyes . Later, the last weekend of September takes place Feria of San Miguel, which counts from two to three bullfights according to the years. Lastly, the bullfight of the Virgen del Pilar , on October 12th, comes to close the season.

; The afición:

The tauromachic tradition very old in Seville, and especially is very well established. The city and its neighborhoods saw being born from many bullfighters, who contributed to the taurin radiation of the city. Several Peña S (clubs) taurins gathers the aficionados sévillans, while the city abounds in references to the bullfighting (baptized streets of names of bullfighters, statues,…).
Les arenas, of a capacity of: 12500 places, accommodate a métissé public, experts, known for their tendency torerist. Famous for scorning silences that they prefer with the hootings, these arenas are also famous for their propensity to deliver itself entirely to the matadors who honor it with large a Faena. The supreme reward is granted the bullfighters having cut a minimum of three trophies: the triumphant victor leaves then by famous the Puerta del Príncipe , which ensures honor to him and famous.

Traditions

Bars and tapeo

• bars: the bar is a place impossible to circumvent of the social life sévillane. The bars are legion, as well in the center, as in the districts. They are a point of meeting between the inhabitants of a street, accustomed, the employees of the sector and people of passage. A large majority of sévillans goes in the coffees at the hours of the breakfast, of the aperitif (two habits which preserved all their strength), of the meals, or at the times of the pauses to work. The establishments are often crammed at midday and, especially in the historical part in the evening in period of weekend primarily.

• the tapeo: the tradition of the tapeo is very largely widespread in all Spain. However, Seville is famous for the intensity of this practice, which consists in sailing of bar in bar, family, between friends, or colleagues, in order to share a cooling and some tapas.
  Le Vin and the Bière is there the beverages by far most consumed, sold at a moderate price. The whole is commonly accompanied by typed, or simple peanuts, pistachios, pipas, or olives. This habit of the bar belongs to the ritual that all the autochtones achieve at a more or less high frequency. The dinner at the restaurant does not answer a use as widespread as in France, or as in the north of the country. The tabernas (taverns), cervecerías (breweries), and other bars concentrate crowd until late the soir.
  Parmi the most run zones:
  

• Plaza LED El Salvador
• the Adriano Hold, and more generally neighborhoods of the arenas
• the district of Santa Cruz, in particular the hold Mateos Gago
• the district of the church Santa Catalina
• Triana

Night life

Later in the evening, certain streets and places receive the amateurs of festival, who gather in the bars of night and discotheques. The most attended places are:

• Triana, and in particular the Betis Hold, at the edge of Guadalquivir
• the plaza of Alfalfa and its neighborhoods: sector where the night birds
• El Arenal bind themselves, for its nightclubs
• Alameda de Hércules
• in summer: accesses of the Park María Luisa, where the nightclubs abound in the open air

Another night practice remains very appraisal of the young people sévillans: the botellona. This tradition established well among the young people whose means do not make it possible to consume in bars, consists in buying with the supermarket alcohol bottles, to then consume them in full street, at the time of a botellón , spontaneous and improvised regrouping, being able to join together at the same place of some individuals to several hundreds of people. The self government, following the example other autonomous communities, however decided into 2006 to regulate the behavior of the botellones , to limit the embarrassment caused in the vicinity, and to promote the fight against alcoholism. The municipalities are since then authorized to prohibit the behavior of botellones on the public highway, and to set up enclosures with open sky especially assigned to this use: the botellódromes, which know from now on an imposing multitude.

Gastronomy

The popular gastronomy sévillane is strongly influenced by the Mediterranean kitchen, containing fish, of olive oil, many fruit and vegetable. It also grants a broad place to the regional products of the close provinces: Pork-butchery S, pigmeat, from bull,… It is characterized by simplicity from the mets which one prefers generally cooked natural, roasted or jumped: the elaborate dishes or out of sauce, if snuffed Basque or of the Navarreses, for which the kitchen is an institution, know an echo more limited.

In the forefront of the gastronomy sévillane appear the regional productions, which often return in the composition of typed:

• Pork-butcheries: Iberian Ham, Chorizo, roll ( morcilla ), lomo (net of pig),

• Cheeses of ewe and goat,
• fish and molluscs,
• Olive S,
• Citrus fruits S,

Among the most frequent mets find themselves:

• the cocido andaluz : left local Pot-au-feu, containing ox, of roll, chorizo, bacon, potatoes,
• the pringá : mets made up in the beginning of the meat remainders of the cocido andaluz , hâchés and annealings with the olive oil and often seasoned tomato and pepper. Today frequently cooked expressly, it is generally been useful typed of it in the form of montadito , in a bread roll,
• the huevos with the flamenca : eggs jumped with tomatos and chorizo,
• the flamenquín : rolled fried of ham of mountain or York and net of pig (lomo),
• various mixed salads: ensaladilla rusa,
• spinaches with the sévillane: cooked with chick-peas and cumin,
• the solomillo : filet mignon of pig, cooked with the garlic and flambe with the whiskey, or been used accompanied by a sauce for the roquefort,
• fish cracklings (cod, éperlans, anchovy,…) and of molluscs (squids, cuttlefish,…),
• the tail of bull, cooked in ragout,
• the gazpacho : cold soup containing tomatos, of cucumber, garlic, onion of sweet pepper, bread, olive oil and vinegar
• the Salmorejo : left very thick gazpacho, accompanied by crushed hard-boiled egg or ham dice,
• gamba with garlic,
• the albóndigas : various fish or meat pellets, seasoned various condiments, breaded then fried,
• the dads aliñás : potatoes, which once cooked, cool while marinading in a mixture of vinegar and, chopped onion, parsley olive oil of Sherry

The Pastry making S, generally resulting from the Eastern tradition, are strong appraisals in Seville. Most famous find their origins in the very many convents of the city, of which some continue to produce them and to market them:

• the pestiños : kinds of small fritters coated with honey, and scented with sesame and cinnamon,
• the cortadillos ,
• the torrijas : left Pain lost,
• the yemas : cooked egg yolks mixed with sugar and aromatized with vanilla

The jam of bitter orange barks is also very appraisal. Another speciality very appreciated with the breakfast is the tostaíta , simple toast, rubbed with the sprinkled olive oil garlic then. One adds to him then, according to the tastes, various ingredients: ham, tomato,…

Seville and literature

Sports

Equipment

The town of Seville has the very many sports equipment built during the last decades. In addition to the installations of proximity, intended for the use of the population, Seville has three stages of great capacity, where evolve/move the local teams, and are organized sports events or cultural national and international:

• Manual Stage Ruiz de Lopera (1997) - Football (Real Betis Balompié) -: 55000 places

• Stage Ramón Sánchez Pizjuán (1958) - Football (FC Seville) -: 45500 places
• Olympic stadium of Cartuja (1999) - General sports -: 72000 places

Sports events

Following the World Fair of 1992, and depresses it which then seized the city, the municipality, inter alia measurements of revival of the local economy, launched a plan of promotion and development of the sporting dimension of the city, heading Sevilla, ciudad LED off-set ( Seville, the city of the sport ).

The city then presented its candidature for the organization of the Olympic Games of 2004, without success, modest size of the city and recent behavior of the Olympic Games in Barcelona in 1992 having disqualified it from the beginning. The same scenario reproduced for the Olympic Games of 2008.

Nevertheless, in 1995 is initiated the construction project of the Olympic stadium of Cartuja, which is born in 1999, with an inauguration by the king d' Espagne. This new equipment aimed to promote the sporting image of the city and to allow the organization of sporting great events of international scale. Since 1999 took place in these places:

• the championships of the world of athletics (1999)

• the final of the Copa del Rey (1999 and 2001)
• the final of the cut of the UEFA (2003)
• the championship of the world of supercross (2003)
• the final of the Coupe Davis (2004)
• various matches of the Spanish selection of football

In addition, the city accommodated the following events:

• the Championships of Europe of swimming (1997)

• the world one of eurhythmics (1998)
• world cup of oar and canoe-kayak (2001)
• the Championships of the world of oar (2002)
• the championship of the world of golf (2004)

Sporting teams

Several sporting teams sévillanes evolve/move in the national competitions, most famous of them being the local football teams, which belong both to the the first division:

• Football

• Real Betis Balompié
• Sevilla Fútbol Club

• Others

• C.D. Universidad de Sevilla (Hockey in room)
• Club of Rugby Universidad de Sevilla (Rugby)
• El Monte Ciencias C.R. (Rugby)
• Esquimo Voleibol (Volley ball)
• Club Baloncesto Sevilla " Cajasol" (Basketball)

Twinnings

• Angers France
• Cartagena de Indias Colombia
• Columbus the United States
• Cracow Poland
• Düsseldorf Germany
• Guadalajara Mexico
• Kansas City the United States, since 1969

References

External bonds

• Town hall of Seville

• Seville tourist Photographs
• Information
• tourist Guide of Seville
• Islamic Seville by Paul Lunde

Be-X-old: Сэвільля Simple: Seville

Random links:

Raman Kocheril Narayanan | Bazancourt (the Marne) | RAF North Witham | District of Falls-Montmorency (Quebec) | Pont Mackinac