Serge Netchaïev is a nihilist and revolutionary Russian (1847 - 1882).

It exposed its principles in its Catéchisme of the revolutionist , written with Bakounine (1868) in which it preaches the destruction of the State and the assassination of the opponents. It defines its design of the revolution in it, as well as the attitude of the revolutionist towards itself, his comrades and the company. It supports the thesis according to which the revolutionist must accentuate the sufferings of the people, so that this one finds courage to revolt.

It founded with Moscow a revolutionary band, the Vindication of the people (1869), and organized the assassination of the Ivanov student whom it accused of treason (Had cf the of Dostoievski). It joined then Germany and is scrambled with Bakounine, which is frightened by its cynicism and its violence. It takes refuge then in London then in Paris (1870). It turns over to Switzerland from which it is extradited towards Russia in 1872 and is imprisoned in Saint-Petersbourg, with the Prison Pierre and Paul. It dies there ten years later.

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