Serbia-and-Montenegro

The Communauté of States Serbia-and-Montenegro (ДржавназаједницаСрбијаиЦрнаГора/Državna zajednica Srbija I Crna Gora) was a Federal state of Europe located in the Balkan Peninsula. It was consisted of the République of Serbia and of the République of Montenegro (the latter gave to the federation its access to the Adriatic Sea). It had a common border with the Albania, the Macedonia, the Bulgaria, the Romania, the Hungary, the Croatia and the Bosnia-Herzégovine.

History

While forming a less narrow federation even a confederation, it succeeds in 2003 old “the Federal republic of Yugoslavia” already consisted Slobodan Milošević, the April 27th 1992, starting from the Serbia and of the Montenegro, then old federate Republics of feue the “socialist Federal republic of Yugoslavia” which had burst in 1990 - 1991. Milošević had called “Yugoslavia” this first union of Serbia and Montenegro, to collect the image of this old Yugoslavia in the world and to maintain the thesis according to which it had tried to save it, but it failed to make it recognize like its only State successor.

The government Montenegrin, which had opposed Milošević of 1997 to its fall in September 2000, openly supported the independence of its country. The European Union and in particular the European Commissioner Javier Solana convinced it to form a less narrow federation with the Serbia, while ensuring its provisional character. The agreement thus envisages to cooperate only in certain political arenas (like Defense). The two constitutive republics will have the right to require their full independence three years after the adoption of the new Constitution, which took place the February 4th 2003, without respecting besides the forms envisaged by the former Constitution, so much skepticism was large on a side like other.

However, after this probationary period, the May 21st 2006, a referendum on the independence of Montenegro is organized in this republic, where the independence camp carries it with 55,5% of the voices.

A sharp debate concerned the qualified majority of 55% which was necessary to the adoption of the referendum which envisaged independence.

In accordance with the results of this referendum, the Parliament of Montenegro adopts the June 3rd 2006 a declaration of independence which marks in fact the dissolution of the federation.

On its side, the Serb Parliament adopted the June 5th 2006 a declaration officially making to Serb State the successor of the old common State, which is equivalent de facto proclaiming the independence of Serbia and recognizing that of Montenegro.

As the Constitution of the common ex-State stipulates it, Montenegro which leaves the federation, must yield the seats that this one held near the international authorities (in particular with UNO and the the Council of Europe) in only Serbia, before recovering new seats in its own name within the international organizations to which she will formulate an application to join.

The federal ex-ministries of Defense and the Foreign affairs passed under the exclusive supervision of the Serb State.

Policy

The old federal official structures made up of:

  • a President: elected by the common Parliament
  • the Council of Ministers, instructs some respectively with the foreign affairs, defense, the internal economic relations, the external economic relations, the human rights and the minorities
  • a common Parliament (126 deputies elected by the indirect suffrage, is 91 coming from Serbia and 35 from Montenegro)

Demography

There is currently (at the end of 2003) in Serbia, 291.403 refugees (including 189.746 of Croatia, 99.785 of Bosnia-Herzégovine, 1.403 of Macedonia, 437 of Slovenia) and 256.891 “moved interior” mainly because of the tensions to the Kosovo In addition 296.632 Serb, Montenegrins and Kosovan is taken refuge abroad including 168.980 in Germany (source Office of the High Commission of the United Nations for the refugees).

Codes

Serbia-and-Montenegro has as codes:

See too

External bonds

  • Site of Management for information
  • Serbian Watch, Another Point of view on the World


Be-X-old: СэрбіяіЧарнагорыя Nds-nl: Servië-Montenegro Simple: Serbia and Montenegro Zh-min-nan: Srbija kap O͘-soaⁿ

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